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OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
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1980-2010年和田绿洲土地利用变化空间耦合及其环境效应
, PP. 813-824
Keywords: 土地利用变化,环境效应,空间耦合,和田绿洲
Abstract:
在气候变暖、西部大开发及2009年以来实施的19省市对口援疆建设背景下,和田绿洲面临着全方位经济发展所引发的水土资源需求的巨大挑战。为此,基于研究区3期18景TM/ETM+遥感影像目视解译,从空间耦合角度分析了和田绿洲1980-2010年土地利用变化及其环境效应。研究表明①1980-2010年,和田绿洲土地利用时空变化显著。耕地、城乡工矿居民地面积分别增加了32.32%、142.23%,灌丛与荒漠草地面积分别减少了23.12%、18.82%。新增耕地主要源于草地、未利用地开垦及毁林开荒。绿洲耕地向西北方向逆盛行风向扩张,其质心年平均偏移16.5m。②中游绿洲区与下游荒漠区的绿洲面积、土地利用程度综合指数、信息熵与均衡度等分别呈现上升与下降相反趋势。这种以耗水量为纽带的空间耦合源于中游耕地扩张导致的下游径流量逐年减少而造成的下游土地退化。③耕地扩张提高土地利用综合水平的同时,林地与草地遭受破坏,土地利用结构信息熵上升,过渡带植被受损严重,系统不稳定性增强,威胁到和田绿洲稳定,进而危及塔里木河下游生态安全。故建议进一步调整农业内部产业结构,缩减高耗水量作物种植面积,严禁以各种名义的开荒;制定塔里木河流域地表水分配法案,立法保障关于地表水分配、增加生态用水等规定严格实施,同时严禁地下水过量开采。
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