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OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
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间歇性输水影响下的2001-2011年塔里木河下游生态环境变化
DOI: 10.11821/dlxb201309008, PP. 1251-1262
Keywords: 间歇性输水,生态环境,塔里木河下游,遥感
Abstract:
采用2001-2011年野外调查资料和卫星遥感影像数据,对生态输水影响下的塔里木河下游地下水、植被变化特征进行分析,并探讨了典型断面植被对地下水埋深变化的响应关系。结果表明(1)各断面地下水位变化过程与河道来水过程密切相关,近10年来经历了显著抬升(2000-2005年)—缓慢降低(2006-2009年)—小幅抬升(2010至今)的过程,主要表现为随生态输水量的改变呈波动变化;地下水位抬升幅度与生态放水量的相关系数达0.78,与生态放水持续时间的相关系数为0.70。(2)2001-2011年塔河下游植被覆盖面积总体上呈增加趋势,其中灌木林地和草地变化显著,林地和耕地面积呈小幅度变化;植被覆盖度的变化主要表现为2001-2006年显著提高和2006-2011年小幅变化。(3)植被覆盖度随地下水位的抬升呈现出增加的趋势;垂直河道的方向上,同时期植被覆盖度与地下水埋深空间分布特征一致,均以输水河道为轴向两侧植被覆盖度(地下水埋深)逐渐降低(增大);平行河道的方向,植被覆盖度对地下水埋深的响应幅度随着离大西海子水库距离的增加而减小。
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