OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
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中国地表潜在蒸散发敏感性的时空变化特征分析
DOI: 10.11821/xb201105001, PP. 579-588
Keywords: Penman-Monteith潜在蒸散发,气象因子,敏感性,中国,流域片区
Abstract:
潜在蒸散发是农田灌溉管理、作物需水量估算、稀缺资料地区水量平衡等研究中的重要参量,分析其对气象因子的敏感性有助于农业水资源优化配置和气候变化对水资源的影响研究。根据中国1960-2007年的653个气象台站的常规气象观测资料,采用优化太阳辐射计算的Penman-Monteith潜在蒸散发计算方法,分析了中国10大流域片区的潜在蒸散发对最高气温、最低气温、风速、太阳辐射、水汽压的敏感性及其区域分异。研究结果表明(1)采用优化后的Penman-Monteith公式,计算的潜在蒸散发与蒸发皿蒸发量的复相关系数从0.61提高到了0.75;计算得出的潜在蒸散发在8个流域片区呈下降趋势,从流域尺度上揭示了“蒸发悖论”在中国的普遍存在。(2)空间上,海河流域片区、黄河流域片区、淮河流域片区、长江流域片区、珠江流域片区、东南诸河的潜在蒸散发对最高气温最为敏感,松花江流域片区、辽河流域片区和西北诸河对水汽压最为敏感,西南诸河则对太阳辐射最为敏感。全国范围内,潜在蒸散发对气象因子的敏感性为水汽压>最高气温>太阳辐射>风速>最低气温;且各敏感系数与海拔有一定的线性相关性。(3)时间尺度上,潜在蒸散发对最高气温和太阳辐射最为敏感的月份是7月,而对最低气温、风速和水汽压最为敏感的月份是1月。1960-2007年之间,潜在蒸散发对最高气温的敏感性呈下降趋势,而对最低气温、风速、太阳辐射和水汽压的敏感性呈上升趋势。
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