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OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
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近50年黑河流域的冰川变化遥感分析
DOI: 10.11821/dlxb201403008, PP. 365-377
Keywords: 遥感分析,面向对象的信息提取,冰川退缩,黑河流域,冰川
Abstract:
黑河流域作为中国西北地区第二大内陆流域，其景观类型完整、流域规模适中、社会生态环境问题典型，已成为寒区、旱区水文与水资源研究的热点地区。本研究结合15万地形图、LandsatTM/ETM+遥感影像及数字高程模型数据，运用面向对象的图像信息自动提取方法，建立冰川信息提取知识规则，对近50年黑河流域的冰川变化进行遥感分析。结果表明（1）20世纪60年代黑河流域内的967条冰川到2010年左右，减少为800条冰川，减少数量明显；冰川面积由361.69km2退缩为231.17km2，共减少130.51km2，退缩率为36.08%，平均每条冰川面积退缩0.14km2。（2）黑河流域冰川分布及变化存在显著的区域差异性，黑河冰川退缩率比北大河大16%左右；冰川末端主要分布在4300~4400m、4400~4500m和4500~4600m海拔区间内。（3）与西部其他山地冰川相比，黑河流域冰川退缩率较高。（4）根据流域内6个气象站资料分析表明，降水增加对冰川的补给无法弥补气温上升导致的冰川消融所带来的物质损失，是黑河流域冰川普遍萎缩的关键因素。
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