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OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
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北京市蔬菜和菜地土壤砷含量及其健康风险分析
DOI: 10.11821/xb200603009, PP. 297-310
Keywords: 北京市,蔬菜,砷,区域分异,健康风险,抗污染品种
Abstract:
通过对北京市蔬菜和菜地土壤砷含量状况进行大规模调查,研究了蔬菜和土壤砷含量及其健康风险,并筛选出抗砷污染能力强的蔬菜品种。根据蔬菜的消费量并兼顾品种多样性的原则,在北京市规模化蔬菜栽培基地(采集蔬菜及土壤样品)和蔬菜批发市场(蔬菜样品)共采集93种蔬菜400多份蔬菜样品和39个土壤样品系统地分析其砷含量。研究发现北京市菜地土壤砷含量范围和平均含量分别为4.44~25.3和9.40mg/kg,明显超过北京市土壤砷背景值;北京市蔬菜砷含量最高达0.479mg/kg,平均含量为0.028mg/kg,均未超过《食品中砷限量卫生标准》(GB4810-94)的限量值,但其中有2个蔬菜样品(萝卜和大蒜)砷含量超过WHO/FAO制订的限量标准。北京市蔬菜砷含量在东偏北方向(偏转11o-30o)存在明显的"U"型趋势分布。裸露地蔬菜砷含量显著高于设施蔬菜。油菜、萝卜、小白菜、大葱、芥菜、黄瓜、大白菜和甘蓝抗砷污染能力较弱,而辣椒、云架豆、冬瓜、茄子、菠菜、西红柿、芹菜等抗砷污染能力则较强。北京市居民从蔬菜中摄入砷平均值为0.016mg/(人·d),蔬菜砷对北京市部分人群存在一定的健康风险。
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