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OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
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黄土高原作物产量及水土流失地形分异模拟
DOI: 10.11821/xb200811011, PP. 1218-1226
Keywords: 作物产量,水土流失,地形分异,黄土高原
Abstract:
退耕坡地是近年来黄土高原整治生态环境和控制水土流失的有效措施。基于WIN_YIELD软件，以延安燕沟流域为例，利用2005年延安站的逐日气象数据和燕沟流域地貌、土壤及土地利用等资料，模拟分析了不同地形高程、坡度和坡向条件下不同作物产量及水土流失的分异特征。结果表明在黄土高原，地形坡度是影响作物产量、径流和泥沙的重要因素，地形高程和坡向的影响普遍较微弱；地形坡度越大，作物产量越低，高粱和玉米在坡度为25o时的产量模拟值分别较0o时下降15.44%和14.32%，大豆、绿豆和马铃薯的下降幅度依次为5.26%、4.67%和3.84%；产生径流和泥沙随地形坡度的增大而增大，在坡度20o左右存在一个高值区间；不同作物的水土保持效益由高到低依次为大豆、绿豆(豆类)、马铃薯、玉米和高粱；坡度小于5o的坡耕地可以不进行梯田改造，坡度大于15o的坡耕地应及早实现退耕还林还草。
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