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OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
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上海市崇明岛农田土壤重金属的环境质量评价
DOI: 10.11821/xb200905011, PP. 619-628
Keywords: 农田土壤,重金属,评价,崇明
Abstract:
通过对上海市崇明岛28个菜地土壤表层样品、65个稻田土壤表层样品及9个西瓜地土壤表层样品的分析测试，利用国家、行业和地方的相关标准评价了农田土壤重金属(Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Hg)的环境质量状况。研究发现崇明岛农田土壤重金属的总体含量为Pb21.597mg·kg-1、Cd0.176mg·kg-1、Cr69.395mg·kg-1、As9.209mg·kg-1、Hg0.128mg·kg-1。与上海市土壤背景值相比，除Pb、Cr外，其余重金属平均含量均高于其背景值，Cd、As和Hg分别高出背景值33.0%、1.2%和26.3%。在GIS软件支持下，通过空间插值分析了研究区农田土壤重金属含量的空间分布特征，结果发现，农田土壤质量整体尚好，土壤生态率为1.26%，优良率为97.14%，合格率为1.47%，不合格率为0.12%。以背景值为标准，崇明岛农田土壤Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Hg的超标率分别为10.1%、85.7%、27.0%、55.4%、55.2%；3种土地利用类型中，菜地受重金属污染最为严重，这主要与菜地施用更多农药有关。崇明岛重金属的年沉降通量分别为Pb7735.470μg·m-2·a-1、Cd208.432μg·m-2·a-1、As2237.738μg·m-2·a-1、Hg52.783μg·m-2·a-1，农作物秸秆焚烧处理是崇明岛大气重金属沉降的重要来源，大气沉降对崇明岛农田土壤重金属有较大的影响。
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