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OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用：99美元
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近40年西藏怒江河谷盆地的气候特征及变化趋势
DOI: 10.11821/xb200905007, PP. 581-591
Keywords: 怒江河谷盆地,气象要素,变化趋势,纬度和海拔高度效
Abstract:
利用1971-2008年西藏怒江流域9个气象站逐月平均气温、平均最高气温、平均最低气温、降水量、日照时数等资料，分析了近40a怒江流域年、季气象要素的变化趋势，并计算讨论了变化趋势与经纬度、海拔高度的相关。结果表明近40a流域年平均气温以0.26oC/10a的速率显著升高，增暖趋势比中国东北和西北弱，比淮河和华南强，与青藏高原相近。最高气温和最低气温都出现了增高的趋势，年平均气温日较差表现为一致的减小趋势，为-0.13~-0.57oC/10a；年降水量以21.0mm/10a的速率显著增加，各季降水均呈现增加趋势；年日照时数平均每10年减少31.7h，以夏季减幅最突出，减幅比黄河流域、青藏高原东侧大；地温升高明显，流域上游季节性冻土最大冻结深度呈显著变浅趋势，以安多最明显。日照时数与降水量负相关显著，与夏、秋季大气水汽压呈显著的负相关；大部分站点日照时数的减少，与大气水汽压的显著增加和降水量的增多关系密切。总云量与日较差存在显著负相关，与夏季降水量呈显著正相关，相对湿度的变化不是总云量减少的主要原因。随着纬度的增加和海拔高度的上升，年平均气温升温幅度在加大，年降水量增幅也增大。日照时数的变化趋势仅与经度有着很好的正相关，随着经度的增加，冬季和夏季日照时数的减幅都在减小。
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