OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元
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黄河干流龙门至三门峡间泥沙沉积汇的研究
DOI: 10.11821/xb200905001, PP. 515-530
Keywords: 沉积汇,泥沙收支平衡,泥沙存贮—释放,水沙变化,人类活动,黄河,黄河龙门—三门峡河
Abstract:
龙门—三门峡河段是黄河干流3大沉积汇之一。运用泥沙收支平衡方法,基于1920—2006年间长系列实测水沙资料,研究了这一沉积汇的存贮、释放和泥沙输移过程及其变化。研究表明,87年尺度上,龙门—三门峡沉积汇泥沙存贮量的变化可以划分为4个阶段(1)1920-1959年,处于“准自然”状况下,泥沙存贮量缓慢增加;(2)1960-1967年,由于三门峡水库拦沙,导致泥沙存贮快速增加;(3)1968-1985年,三门峡水库先后经历“滞洪排沙”和“蓄清排浑”运用阶段,泥沙的存贮与释放接近于平衡;(4)1986-2006年,人类大量引水,在来沙量减小的情况下,泥沙存贮量增加。在年内,龙门—三门峡间泥沙沉积汇表现出泥沙的存贮—释放过程的交替,7月至8月主汛期,表现为泥沙存贮;9月至次年5月,泥沙存贮量为负值,表现为泥沙释放。公元155年至2006年的1800余年间,龙门—潼关沉积汇的沉积速率经历了一个由加速到减慢的旋回,其形成原因可以用人类活动方式与强度的变化来解释。在三门峡水库修建前的“准自然”时期,泥沙的存贮量和排沙比均与来水、来沙及其组合有密切的关系。总来沙量越大,含沙量越大,来沙系数越大,则泥沙存贮量越大而排沙比越小。
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