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OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
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近50年来中国冬季风寒温度的变化
DOI: 10.11821/xb200909005, PP. 1071-1082
Keywords: 冬季,风寒温度,气温,风速,中
Abstract:
风寒温度是冬季表征人体热舒适度常用的参数，也是气候变化影响研究中关注的要素。本文利用中国地面国际交换站气候资料月值数据集的气温和风速，分析1956-2005年中国冬季风寒温度的时间和空间变化特征。结果表明，近50年来中国冬季风寒温度普遍呈上升趋势，全国平均升高3.2oC，变化速率达0.64oC/10a；西北、华北、东北和青藏地区的上升速率分别为0.79oC/10a、0.84oC/10a、0.81oC/10a、0.80oC/10a，其中华北北部农牧交错带地区上升趋势最为强烈，超过1oC/10a；35oN以南的我国南方地区上升速率较低，为0.39oC/10a。风寒温度的这种变化特征是近50年来气温升高和风速下降综合作用的结果。其中气温变化造成的风寒温度上升是2.4oC，而地表风速下降对风寒温度的贡献为0.8oC。东亚气温和风速的变化受诸多大气环流系统的影响，分析表明影响东亚气候的几个主要环流因子中，西伯利亚高压、北极涛动、西太平洋遥相关型和欧亚遥相关型等与风寒温度有显著相关。这四个环流因子一起能解释50年来全国平均风寒温度方差的46.7%。全国平均气温与这四个环流因子的相关分别达到-0.65，+0.49，+0.31和-0.32；而平均风速与北极涛动的相关最显著，达-0.51。
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