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OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用：99美元
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基于第二次冰川编目的中国冰川现状
DOI: 10.11821/dlxb201501001, PP. 3-16
Keywords: 冰川,编目,面积,分布,中国
Abstract:
以2004年之后的LandsatTM/ETM+和ASTER遥感影像为基础,参考第一次中国冰川目录及其他文献资料,经过影像校正、自动解译、野外考察、人工修订、交互检查和成果审定等技术环节,完成占全国冰川总面积85.5%的现状冰川编目,确定中国目前共有冰川48571条,总面积约5.18×104βkm2,约占全国国土面积的0.54%,冰川储量约4.3~4.7×103βkm3。中国冰川数量和面积分别以面积<0.5βkm2的冰川和面积介于1.0~50.0βkm2的冰川为主,面积最大的冰川是音苏盖提冰川（359.05βkm2）。中国西部14座山系（高原）均有冰川分布,其中昆仑山冰川数量最多,其次是天山、念青唐古拉山、喜马拉雅山和喀喇昆仑山,这5座山系冰川数量占全国冰川总数量的72.3%;冰川面积和冰储量位列前3位的山系分别为昆仑山、念青唐古拉山和天山,尽管喀喇昆仑山冰川数量和面积均小于喜马拉雅山,但前者冰储量高于后者。从冰川海拔分布来看,海拔4500~6500βm之间是冰川集中发育区域,约占全国冰川总面积的4/5以上。冰川资源在各流域分布差异显著,东亚内流区（5Y）是中国冰川分布数量最多、面积最大的一级流域,约占全国冰川总量的2/5以上;黄河流域（5J）是冰川数量最少、规模最小的一级流域,仅有冰川164条,面积126.72βkm2。新疆和西藏的冰川面积和冰储量约占全国冰川总面积的9/10。
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