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地理学报  2015 

基于MODIS数据的中国耕地高中低产田空间分布格局

DOI: 10.11821/dlxb201505008, PP. 766-778

Keywords: 粮食安全,光能利用率模型,农田生产力,高中低产田

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Abstract:

人口的持续增长和食物消费水平的快速提升使得中国粮食自给问题越发受到关注。后备土地资源补给能力的不足和城市化过程对优质耕地的占用使得耕地资源“开源”和“节流”均存在一定困难,因此,提高耕地资源利用效率、提升耕地生产能力成为当前中国农业发展的根本策略,清晰地掌握全国高中低产田在空间上的分布区域成为国家中低产田改造与高标准农田建设规划的必要前提。本研究应用空间分辨率500m的MODIS遥感数据和光能利用率模型,在空间上清晰地估算现实农田生产力的基础上,结合高分辨率的耕地分布数据和耕作制度区划信息,探索新的高中低产田划分方法,掌握中国高中低产田的空间分布格局。该方法既能够体现耕地资源条件的区域分异规律,也能表达耕地现实生产能力的空间差异性,并且有效克服了利用统计数据进行高中低产田划分时以县为统计单元导致的县内高中低产田格局不明确的问题。基于该方法划分的高中低产田分别占全国耕地面积的20.66%、39.56%以及39.78%。其中,低产田约有3/4分布于丘陵山地区;高产田则53%分布于平原区。高产田面积最大的五个省均位于黄淮海区域内,其面积总和占全国高产田面积的41.75%。耕地面积位列全国前三的黑龙江省、四川省和内蒙古自治区其高产田面积占比均不足15%。

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