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OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用：99美元
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北京郊区居民日常生活方式的行为测度与空间—行为互动
DOI: 10.11821/dlxb201508007, PP. 1271-1280
Keywords: 郊区化,日常生活方式,活动空间,空间—行为互动,北京
Abstract:
郊区化及其对居民日常生活的影响成为近年来城市研究的重要议题。时空行为研究认为推动日常生活方式的郊区化是解决郊区化过程中出现的社会与空间问题的根本措施。从日常生活方式的角度出发,需要利用多维度时空行为指标刻画群体的生活方式类型以分析郊区居民的空间—行为互动机制。本文采用活动空间和出行频率指标构建个体日常生活方式的行为测度方法,并基于2012年在北京上地—清河地区进行的GPS调查数据将郊区居民划分为“空间排斥”、“本地化”、“郊区性”、“两极化”、“城市依赖”五种日常生活方式类型。研究发现不同日常生活方式群体在活动分布、活动频率和交通方式上存在差异;并通过多项logistic模型分析郊区化对于个体日常生活方式的影响,发现工作日居民的日常生活方式受到性别、收入、年龄和工作时长等社会经济属性的影响。同时郊区设施配置直接影响着居民对郊区空间的利用程度,土地混合利用、商业设施密度提高更有可能实现日常生活的郊区化。日常生活方式的行为测度方法有助于分析郊区居民日常行为的复杂性,为理解郊区化提供了独特的视角,为构建城市研究的空间—行为互动理论提供了有力的支持。
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| [29] | ZhangYan,ChaiYanwei.Thespatio-temporalactivitypatternofthemiddleandthelow-incomeresidentsinBeijing,China.ScientiaGeographicaSinica,2011,31(9):1056-1064.原文[张艳,柴彦威.北京城市中低收入者日常活动时空间特征分析.地理科学,2011,31(9):1056-1064.]转型期城市空间制度性及结构性变化以及住房、交通等公共服务设施的配置,往往因忽略城市中低收入群体日常活动的时空需求而使其陷入可达性及移动性困境,从而导致城市社会不公平问题。个体日常活动行为的时空特征反映了其对城市空间利用的时空需求,是测度可达性与移动性的基本指标,也是衡量社会排斥、社会剥夺、居住隔离的新维度。采用2007年北京城市居民活动日志调查数据,基于时间地理学对微观个体日常活动的分析框架,借助GIS三维可视化技术,从生活时间分配、工作与非工作活动的时空间分布格局、活动空间测度、移动性等方面,对北京城市中低收入者日常活动的时空间特征进行系统分析。通过城市中低收入者日常活动的时空需求研究,为城市空间优化和时间管理提供参考依据。原文
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| [30] | KwanMP,ChaiYanwei,Tana.ReflectionsonthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenChineseandUScities.AsianGeographer,2014,31(2):167-174.WhileChinaandtheUSAdifferinmanyways,suburbanizationandrapidincreaseincardependenceinChinaseemtoresultincertainurbanissuesthatarealsofoundinUScities.Forinstance,recenturbandevelopmentinChinahasdepartedsignificantlyfromthetraditionalhigh-density,pedestrian-andcyclist-orientedurbanformthatusedtocharacterizeChinesecities.AsthemarketeconomyunfoldsinChina,marketforcesseemtoplayamoresignificantroleinsuburbandevelopmentinChinesecities,leadingtoissueslikelongercommutetimeanddistance,aswellasworseningjobs–housingbalance,trafficcongestion,andairpollution.ThisarticlereflectsonthesimilaritiesanddifferencesintheurbanissuesofcitiesinChinaandtheUSA.Itdiscussesurbanissueslikehigh-densitysuburbanization,jobs–housingbalance,cardependence,andtheroleofgenderandhouseholdstructure.Itsuggeststhatthesustainabilityimplicationsofthecar-orientedsuburbanizationinurbanChinacallforseriousattention.DOI:10.1080/10225706.2014.950484Taylor&Francis
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| [31] | WangDonggen,ChaiYanwei.Thejobs-housingrelationshipandcommutinginBeijing,China:ThelegacyofDanwei.JournalofTransportGeography,2009,17(1):30-38.Elsevier
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| [32] | KwanMP,KotsevA.GenderdifferencesincommutetimeandaccessibilityinSofia,Bulgaria:Astudyusing3Dgeovisualisation.TheGeographicalJournal,2015,181(1):83-96.MuchresearchonhumanmobilitypatternsandaccessibilitytodatehasbeenconductedlargelyinWesternEuropeanandNorthAmericancountries,wheretheprivatevehicleisthemainmeansforcommuting.Asaresult,moststudiesfocusedlargelyoncar-basedmobility(automobility)andaccessibility,andrelativelylittleisknownaboutcountriesinotherregionsoftheworld.Basedonanactivity-traveldatasetcollectedinSofia,Bulgariaandusing3Dgeovisualisation,thisstudyattemptstofillthisgapthroughexamininggenderdifferencesincommutetimeandpotentialaccesstourbanopportunities.Theresultsrevealimportantgenderdifferencesincommutetimeandindividualaccessibility.Amongthesurveyedparticipants,womentendtospendmoretimeontheircommutetripsandhavemorerestrictivespatialreachtourbanopportunitiescomparedwithmen,largelyasaresultoftheirrelianceonpublictransitastheirprimarymodeoftransport.Further,womenhaveloweraccessibilitycomparedwithmenwhousedthesametravelmode.Thiscasestudyaddsimportantnewknowledgeaboutageographicalareathathasbeenunder-studiedbyAnglophonegeographers.ItalsoshowsthatGIS-basedgeovisualisationandanalysisarepowerfultoolsforuncoveringgenderdifferencesinthegeographicaldistributionofcommutetime,whichconventionalquantitativemethodscannotreveal.DOI:10.1111/geoj.12080Wiley
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| [33] | TaNa,ChaiYanwei,LiuZhilin.Hybridizationofdanweineighborhoodandtheemergenceofurbanism.HumanGeography,2012,27(3):39-43.DanweineighborhoodasonekindoftraditionalcommunitiesinChinahasembarkedontheambitioustransitioncharacterizedbyhybridization,whichhasresultedinprofoundchangesinsocialspace.Intheplannedeconomy,dominatedbydanweisystem,housingwasconsideredasawelfarebenefitanddanweineighborhoodwasthedominantsocio-spatialunitinChinesecities.Throughdanwei-basedhousingprovision,workplaceandresidencewerelinkedproximatelytoformself-containedworkplacecompounds.Neighborhoodchangeindanweiischaracterizedbyhybridization.Thecoreofhybridizationisevolutionfromhomogeneitytoheterogeneity,whichiscomposedoftransitioninresidentialcompositiondimension,socialinteractiondimension,communityidentitydimensionandbehaviordimension.Hybridizationofdanweiismarkedasthereconstructionofthenatureofcommunity.Rethinkingthenatureofcommunityindanwei,thispaperdemonstratesthatdanweineighborhoodischangingfrom"quasi-localism"towards"urbanism".ThispaperfocusesontheneighborhoodchangeofdanweiinurbanChinafromthefourdimensionsofhybridization,andindicatesthathybridizationofdanweiistheprocessoftransitionfromquasi-localismcommunitytourbanismneighborhoodbasedontheclassicaltheoryofurbanism.Thispaperdemonstratesthatdanweineighborhoodischangingfrom"quasi-localism"towards"urbanism".Hybridizationofdanweineighborhoodresultsinprofoundchangestothewholesociety.AnalyzingneighborhoodchangeofdanweicanhelptoestablishatheoryfortheunderstandingofsocialspacereconstructioninChinesecities.Also,communitydevelopmentofdanweineighborhoodneedtobalancetherelationshipbetweendanweiresidentsandnewcomers,therefore,rethinkingthechangingofthenatureofcommunityindanweiisessentialtosocialplanningandneighborhoodplanning.CNKI[塔娜,柴彦威,刘志林.单位社区杂化过程与城市性的建构.人文地理,2012,27(3):39-43.]维普
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| [34] | ZhouSuhong,LiuYulan.Thesituationandtransitionofjobs-housingrelocationinGuangzhou,China.ActaGeographicaSinica,2010,65(2):191-201.TrafficjamisnowbecomingoneofthemostseriousproblemsinurbanChina.Transportationsupplycannotmeetwiththeincreaseoftrafficdemand,thusTrafficDemandManagement(TDM)isanotherimportantwayforresolvingtheproblem.Themismatchofjobs-housingisoneofthekeyreasonsoftrafficdemandduringrushhoureveryday.AcasestudyisconductedinGuangzhoubasedonahistoricsurveyofpeoples'jobs-housingrelocationfortheperiod1996-2007,andsomeconclusionsareobtained.TheoriginalplanningsystemofChinastillplaysanimportantroleinpeople'sjobs-housinghuntinganddailyactivities.Themoremarketing,thelongerdistanceandthemorefrequentrelocationofjobsandhousingisemerging.During1996-2007,thedistanceofjobsandhousingisincreasingformostofthepeople,especiallyforthoselivingincommercialhouses.Price,environmentandtheattributeofthejobsaregivenmorepriority.Inordertogetbetterjobsandhousing,peoplesometimeswouldhavetocommutelonger.Atthesametime,themaincompositionofthehousingpropertyrightinGovernment-ledlow-incomehousingcommunitieshastransferred,andthejobs-housingmismatchamongtheresidentsinalleviatory(Jiekunfang)housesandcommercialhousesinthesecommunitieshasbecomestriking.Moreover,locationofhousingandpersonalattributealsohavesomeinfluenceonjob-housinglocation.Theclosertothejobscenter,theshorterdistanceandrelocationisbetweenjobsandhousing.Themiddleclasschangestheirjobsandhousingmuchmorefrequently.Jobs-housingmismatch,expansionofurbanspace,politicalwelfareandthetransformationofsocialandeconomicsystemarethemaincoursesofjobs-housingrelocation.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1142.2010.40466原文[周素红,刘玉兰.转型期广州城市居民居住与就业地区位选择的空间关系及其变迁.地理学报,2010,65(2):191-201.]近年来，中国城市交通拥挤现象日渐突出，以交通基础设施建设为主导的单一交通供给已经很难满足交通日益增长的需求。交通需求管理成为解决交通拥挤问题的又一出路。因居民居住与就业地空间分离而产生的日常通勤是构成高峰小时交通需求的主要原因。以广州市为例．采用追溯式问卷调查的方式．调查分析1996—2007年居民居住与就业地区位选择与变迁．并探讨其影响因素和机制。研究发现，体制转型对居民居住与就业地选择产生重要的影响，计划经济体制下形成的街区，居民的居住地与就业地相对稳定；市场化改革后新建或改建的街区。居民搬家和换工作的频度较高。在1996．2007年期间．居民居住地与就业地距离总体上呈现增加趋势，以商品房小区最为明显，价格、环境与岗位属性是影响居民搬家和变换工作的主要原因．在与短距离通勤无法兼得的情况下．很多居民选择以长距离通勤为代价换取更好的居住与就业条件。其次．保障性住房政策下形成的典型街区内部居民分化明显，形成原住户、转售后的商品房住户、转租房住户等三类为主导的住户结构．前两者存在较明显的居住与就业空间不匹配现象。此外，区位和个人属性也影响着居民居住与就业地的选择两者的空间距离。在区位方面，城市中心区的就业吸引力仍较突出．靠近中心区的住户居住与就业距离较短．且呈近距离重新择居或择业：由于居住外迁和产业外迁而分别引发的长距离向心型和外向型通勤共同存在．尤其是前者：在个人属性方面．中等收入水平的阶层是搬家和变换工作相对频繁的阶层。宏观层面上城市居住与就业空间的不匹配、城市空间拓展、单一功能外迁下的用地结构、社会经济转型与政策性福利以及阶层分化背景下引发的个性化选择等是影响居民居住地与就业地空间关系的重要原因。DOI:10.11821/xb201002006原文
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