|
OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用：99美元
|
|
|
|
上海城市建成环境对居民通勤方式选择的影响
DOI: 10.11821/dlxb201510010, PP. 1664-1674
Keywords: 建成环境,通勤方式,小汽车,多项Logit模型,上海
Abstract:
伴随中国快速城市化与机动化进程,私人汽车拥有量不断增长,由此引起的交通拥堵和环境问题已成为制约中国城市可持续发展的难题。基于上海市区的居民通勤问卷调查数据,采用多项Logit模型检验了街道尺度城市建成环境对于居民通勤方式选择的影响,结果表明,在控制了其他因素后,提高居住地的人口密度、土地利用混合度与十字路口比重,可以减少小汽车通勤方式的选择,而就业地建成环境对居民通勤方式选择影响相对较弱;建成环境对通勤方式选择的影响会因个体的社会经济异质性而不同。这些结论为通过优化土地利用规划来优化居民通勤结构的城市交通和城市规划政策提供了启示。
| [1] | ZhangM.Theroleoflanduseintravelmodechoice:EvidencefromBostonandHongKong.JournaloftheAmericanPlanningAssociation,2004,70(3):344-360.
|
| [2] | LimtanakoolN,DijstM,SchwanenT.Theinfluenceofsocioeconomiccharacteristics,landuseandtraveltimeconsiderationsonmodechoiceformedium-andlonger-distancetrips.JournalofTransportGeography,2006,14(5):327-341.
|
| [3] | MeliaS,ParkhurstG,BartonH.Theparadoxofintensification.TransportPolicy,2011,18(1):46-52.AbstractUrbanintensificationaspartofasmartgrowthstrategycanfacilitatelow-energytransportmodesandreduceoverallcaruse,withbenefitstotheglobalenvironment,butevidencesuggeststheeffectwillbelessthanproportional.Hence,inlocationswhereintensificationoccurs,greaterconcentrationsoftraffictendtooccur,andthisworsenslocalenvironmentalconditions.Thisphenomenonisdefinedbelowasthe‘paradoxofintensification’.Theconsequentchallengesforplannersandpolicymakers,whicharise,areconsidered.Theanalysissuggeststhatacompromiseinvolvinglimitedintensificationwouldmerelyredistributethebalancebetweenthetwosetsofproblems:globalandlocal.Itisconcludedthaturbanintensificationshouldbeaccompaniedbymoreradicalmeasurestoconstraintrafficgenerationwithinintensifiedareas.GraphicalAbstractResearchHighlights ?Urbanintensificationtendstoreduceoverallcaruse.?Therelationshipisinelastic,particularlyattheleveloftheindividualdevelopment.?Thismeansurbanintensificationworsenslocalconcentrationsoftraffic.?Unlessitisaccompaniedbymoreradicaltrafficrestraintmeasures. DOI:10.1016/j.tranpol.2010.05.007
|
| [4] | LevtnsonDM,KumarA.Densityandthejourneytowork.GrowthandChange,1997,28(2):147-172.
|
| [5] | SchwanenT,DielemanFM,DijstM.TheimpactofmetropolitanstructureoncommutebehaviorintheNetherlands:amultilevelapproach.GrowthandChange,2004,35(3):304-333.
|
| [6] | KitamuraR,MokhtarianPL,LaidetL.Amicro-analysisoflanduseandtravelinfiveneighborhoodsintheSanFranciscoBayArea.Transportation,1997,24(2):125-158.
|
| [7] | KockelmanKM.Travelbehaviorasfunctionofaccessibility,landusemixing,andlandusebalance:EvidencefromSanFranciscoBayArea.TransportationResearchRecord:JournaloftheTransportationResearchBoard,1997,1607(1):116-125.
|
| [8] | CerveroR,DuncanM.Whichreducesvehicletravelmore:Jobs-housingbalanceorretail-housingmixing?JournaloftheAmericanPlanningAssociation,2006,72(4):475-490.
|
| [9] | CerveroR,RadischC.Travelchoicesinpedestrianversusautomobileorientedneighborhoods.TransportPolicy,1996,3(3):127-141.
|
| [10] | SchwanenT,MokhtarianPL.Whataffectscommutemodechoice:Neighborhoodphysicalstructureorpreferencestowardneighborhoods?JournalofTransportGeography,2005,13(1):83-99.
|
| [11] | BadlandHM,SchofieldGM,GarrettN.Travelbehaviorandobjectivelymeasuredurbandesignvariables:Associationsforadultstravelingtowork.Health&Place,2008,14(1):85-95.
|
| [12] | CraigCL,BrownsonRC,CraggSEetal.Exploringtheeffectoftheenvironmentonphysicalactivity:Astudyexaminingwalkingtowork.AmericanJournalofPreventiveMedicine,2002,23(2):36-43.
|
| [13] | HeiZhou,SongJiejie,SunBindong.Impactofurbanspatialstructureonurbancommutingduration:Basedonliteraturereview.UrbanPlanningForum,2014(1):65-70.[何舟,宋杰洁,孙斌栋.城市通勤时耗的空间结构影响因素:基于文献的研究与启示.城市规划学刊,2014(1):65-70.]
|
| [14] | ChenC,GongH,PaaswellR.Roleofthebuiltenvironmentonmodechoicedecisions:Additionalevidenceontheimpactofdensity.Transportation,2008,35(3):285-299.Densityisakeycomponentintherecentsurgeofmixed-useneighborhooddevelopments.Empiricalresearchhasshownaninconsistentpictureontheimpactofdensity.Inparticular,itisunclearwhetheritisthedensityorthevariablesthatgolongwithdensitythataffectpeople’stravelbehavior.Manyexistingstudiesondensityneglectconfoundingfactors,forexample,residentialself-selection,generalizedtravelcost,accessibility,andaccesstotransitstations.Inaddition,moststilluseasingletripastheirobservationunit,eventhoughtripchainingiswellrecognized.Thegoalofthispaperistoassesstheroleofdensityinaffectingmodechoicedecisionsinhome-basedworktours,whilecontrollingforconfoundingfactors.UsingthedatasetcollectedintheNewYorkMetropolitanRegion,weestimatedasimultaneoustwo-equationsystemcomprisingtwomutuallyinteractingdependentvariables:carownershipandthepropensitytouseauto.Theresultsconfirmtheroleofdensityaftercontrollingfortheconfoundingfactors;inparticular,employmentdensityatworkexertsmoreinfluencethanresidentialdensityathome.Thestudyalsodemonstratestheimportanceofusingtourastheanalysisunitinmodechoicedecisions.Thestudyadvancesthefieldbyanalyzingtheroleofthebuiltenvironmentonhome-basedworktours.Newknowledgeisobtainedintherelativecontributionofdensityvs.asetofcorrelatedfactors,includinggeneralizedtravelcost,accessibility,andaccesstotransitstations.DOI:10.1007/s11116-007-9153-5
|
| [15] | VanAckerV,WitloxF.Commutingtripswithintours:howiscommutingrelatedtolanduse?Transportation,2011,38(3):465-486.http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11116-010-9309-6Studiesthatmodeltheeffectsoflanduseoncommutinggenerallyuseatrip-basedapproachoramoreaggregatedindividual-basedapproach:i.e.commutingisconceptualizedintermsofmodalchoice,distanceandtimepersingletrip,orintermsofdailycommutingdistanceortime.However,peopletrytoscheduleactivitiesinadailypatternand,thus,considertoursinsteadoftrips.Datafromthe2000to2001TravelBehaviourSurveyinGhent(Belgium)illustratethatcaruseandcommutingtimessignificantlydifferbetweencommutingtripswithinwork-onlytoursandmorecomplextours.Therefore,thispaperconsiderstrip-relateddecisionssimultaneouslywithtour-relateddecisions.Amultiplegroupstructuralequationmodel(SEM)confirmedthattherelationshipbetweenlanduseandcommutingdiffersbetweenwork-onlytoursandmorecomplextours.Tripsshouldbeconsideredwithintoursinordertocorrectlyunderstandtheeffectoflandusescenariossuchasdensifyingoncommuting.Moreover,theuseofmultiplegroupSEMenabledustoaddresstheissueofthecomplexnatureofcommuting.Duetointeractionsbetweenvariousexplanatoryvariables,landusepatternsdonotalwayshavethepresumedeffectoncommuting.Landusepolicycansuccessfullyinfluencecommuting,butonlyifitsimultaneouslyaccountsfortheeffectsoncaravailability,caruse,commutingdistanceandcommutingtime.DOI:10.1007/s11116-010-9309-6
|
| [16] | PanHaixiao,ShenQing,ZhangMing.Impactsofurbanformsontravelbehavior:CasestudiesinShanghai.UrbanTransportofChina,2009,7(6):28-32.[潘海啸,沈青,张明.城市形态对居民出行的影响:上海实例研究.城市交通,2009,7(6):28-32.]
|
| [17] | CerveroR,KockelmanK.Traveldemandandthe3Ds:Density,diversity,anddesign.TransportationResearchPartD:TransportandEnvironment,1997,2(3):199-219.
|
| [18] | CerveroR.Builtenvironmentsandmodechoice:Towardanormativeframework.TransportationResearchPartD:TransportandEnvironment,2002,7(4):265-284.
|
| [19] | ChatmanDG.Howdensityandmixedusesattheworkplaceaffectpersonalcommercialtravelandcommutemodechoice.TransportationResearchRecord:JournaloftheTransportationResearchBoard,2003,1831(1):193-201.
|
| [20] | ZhaoP.Theimpactofthebuiltenvironmentonindividualworkers'commutingbehaviorinBeijing.InternationalJournalofSustainableTransportation,2013,7(5):389-415.Theincreasingemissionoftransport-relatedpollutantshasbecomeakeyissueinrelationtoclimatechangemitigationandtheimprovementofairqualityinChina'scities.ThisarticleaimstoexaminetheeffectsofchangesinthebuiltenvironmentontransportationbyexaminingthecaseofBeijing.Lookingathouseholdsurveydata,theanalysisfoundthatindividualworkers'commutingbehavior(concerningtraveldestination,modechoiceandtraveltime)issignificantlyrelatedtosomeaspectsofthebuiltenvironmentwhensocioeconomicanddemographiccharacteristicsaretakenintoaccount.Thereareobviousdifferencesintheeffectsofthebuiltenvironmentoncommutingacrossincomegroups,occupationsandindustries.DOI:10.1080/15568318.2012.692173
|
| [21] | MoilanenM.Matchingandsettlementpatterns:ThecaseofNorway.PapersinRegionalScience,2010,89(3):607-623.
|
| [22] | FrankLD,PivoG.Impactsofmixeduseanddensityonutilizationofthreemodesoftravel:Single-occupantvehicle,transit,andwalking.TransportationResearchRecord,1994,1446:44-52.
|
| [23] | ShiftanY,BarlachY.Effectofemploymentsitecharacteristicsoncommutemodechoice.TransportationResearchRecord:JournaloftheTransportationResearchBoard,2002,1781(1):19-25.
|
| [24] | CerveroR.Mixedland-usesandcommuting:EvidencefromtheAmericanHousingSurvey.TransportationResearchPartA:PolicyandPractice,1996,30(5):361-377.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/096585649500033XPastresearchsuggeststhatmixedland-usesencouragenon-autocommuting;however,theevidenceremainssketchy.Thispaperexploresthisquestionbyinvestigatinghowthepresenceofretailactivitiesinneighborhoodsinfluencesthecommutingchoicesofresidentsusingdatafromthe1985AmericanHousingSurvey.Havinggrocerystoresandotherconsumerserviceswithin300feetofone'sresidenceisfoundtoencouragecommutingbymasstransit,walkingandbicycling,controllingforsuchfactorsasresidentialdensitiesandvehicleownershiplevels.Whenretailshopsarebeyond300feetyetwithin1mileofresidences,however,theytendtoencourageauto-commuting,ostensiblybecauseoftheabilitytoefficientlylinkworkandshoptripsbycar.Thepresenceofnearbycommercialland-usesisalsoassociatedwithrelativelylowvehicleownershipratesandshortcommutingdistancesamongresidentsofamixed-useneighborhood.Overall,residentialdensitiesexertedastrongerinfluenceoncommutingmodechoicesthanlevelsofland-usemixture,exceptforwalkingandbicyclecommutes.Fornon-motorizedcommuting,thepresenceorabsenceofneighborhoodshopsisabetterpredictorofmodechoicethanresidentialdensities.DOI:10.1016/0965-8564(95)00033-X
|
| [25] | ChenYanping,SongYan,ZhangYi,etal.Impactoflandusedevelopmentontravelmodechoice:AcasestudyinShenzhen.UrbanTransportofChina,2011,9(5):80-85,27.[陈燕萍,宋彦,张毅,等.城市土地利用特征对居民出行方式的影响:以深圳市为例.城市交通,2011,9(5):80-85,27.]http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical_csjt201105009.aspx为缓解日益严重的城市交通问题、优化居民出行方式,有必要研究城市土地利用与交通系统的协调问题。以深圳市为例,应用多元Logit模型（MNL模型）,纳入城市土地利用变量与出行者的家庭、社会、经济等变量,分析其对居民工作与非工作出行方式的影响。研究结果表明,出行起点的城市区位是影响居民出行方式的重要因素之一。相对于组团中心和非中心区的出行者,城市中心和城市副中心的出行者选择公共交通的可能性更高。同时,还从城市规划和设计角度,对优化居民出行方式提出了政策性建议。DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-5328.2011.05.009
|
| [26] | PanH,ShenQ,ZhangM.InfluenceofurbanformontravelbehaviorinfourneighborhoodsofShanghai.UrbanStudy,2009,46(2):275-294.http://trid.trb.org/view.aspx?id=802689Sincethe1980s,citiesinChinahaveexpandedtremendouslyduetofast-pacedeconomicgrowthandurbanization.Muchofthenewurbandevelopmenthasdepartedsignificantlyfromthetraditionalhighdensity,pedestrianandbicycleorientedurbanformthatusedtocharacterizeChinesecities.Hasthechangeinurbanformgeneratedsignificanteffectsonpeople’stravelbehavior?ThisisaquestionofgreatpracticalimportanceforurbanplannersinChinaastheystrivetowardsustainabledevelopment.Thequestionisalsoofconsiderablescholarlyinterest,becauseitcanpotentiallyleadtoimprovedunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenthebuiltenvironmentandtravelbehavior.ThispaperpresentsanefforttoanswerthequestionthroughastudyoftravelbehaviorinfourneighborhoodsofShanghai,whichhavecontrastingurbanformcharacteristics.Atravelsurveywasconductedin2001,whichgenerated1,817validobservationsforourempiricalanalysis.Intestingtherelationshipbetweentravelbehaviorandthebuiltenvironment,twostatisticalmodelsareestimated.Oneisanordinaryleastsquaresregressionoftripdistance,andtheotherisamultiplelogisticregressionofmodechoice.Resultsfromthemodelingexerciseindicateclearlythatinthetraditionalneighborhoodwithrelativelyhighdensitiesandsmallstreetblocks,tripdistanceismuchshorterandthechanceforchoosingwalkorbikeastravelmodeismuchgreater.ThesefindingssuggestthatrecenttransformationofthebuiltenvironmentinChinesecitieshasmadeitlessconducivetothe“greening”ofurbantransportation.
|
| [27] | WeiYaping,PanConglin.Urbanland-usecharacteristicsandcommuters'travelpattern:AcasestudyofwestHangzhou.CityPlanningReview,2012,36(3):76-84.[韦亚平,潘聪林.大城市街区建成环境特征与居民通勤方式研究:以杭州城西为例.城市规划,2012,36(3):76-84.]
|
Full-Text
|
|
Contact Us
service@oalib.com QQ:3279437679 
WhatsApp +8615387084133
|
|
