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OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用：99美元
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中国环境规制、地理区位与企业生产率增长
DOI: 10.11821/dlxb201510004, PP. 1581-1605
Keywords: 环境规制,地理区位,企业生产率,波特假说,中国
Abstract:
环境规制对企业生产率的影响是当前学术界的研究热点,但基于地理区位视角的研究较少。应用中国环境规制地理空间数据和微观企业数据,实证分析了环境规制空间差异与环境规制空间相关性对企业生产率的影响。结果表明,环境规制空间差异与企业生产率之间存在显著的倒U型关系;环境规制空间相关性作用显著,邻近城市环境规制提升有利于本城市企业生产率增长;环境规制对生产效率高的企业具有显著促进作用,但对生产效率低的企业影响不明显;不同的地理区位,环境规制对企业生产率的影响不同,相对于中西部地区,东部地区环境规制促进企业生产率增长的作用更为显著。本文揭示了在地理区位视角下,针对环境规制对企业生产率的影响,“成本假说”和“波特假说”具有各自的解释空间。
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| [23] | ZhangCheng,LuYang,GuoLu,etal.Theintensityofenvironmentalregulationandtechnologicalprogressofproduction.EconomicResearch,2011(2):113-124.[张成,陆旸,郭路,等.环境规制强度和生产技术进步.经济研究,2011(2):113-124.]http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-JJYJ201102010.htm波特假说认为，合适的环境规制能激发“创新补偿”效应，从而不仅能弥补企业的“遵循成本”，还能提高企业的生产率和竞争力。由于其本身的现实意义，引发了大量学者对此进行研究。然而到目前为止，关于环境规制强度与企业生产技术进步之间的关系却鲜有文献提及。为此，本文在环境规制强度和企业生产技术进步之间构建了数理模型，并采用面板数据方法，对1998--2007年中国30个省份的工业部门进行了检验，研究结果表明：（1）在东部和中部地区，初始较弱的环境规制强度确实削弱了企业的生产技术进步率，然而，随着环境规制强度的增加，企业的生产技术进步率逐步提高，即环境规制强度和企业生产技术进步之间呈现“u”型关系；（2）在西部地区，受到环境规制形式的影响，环境规制强度和企业的生产技术进步之间尚未形成在统计意义上显著的“u”型关系。因此，从长远的角度看，政府应当制定合理的环境规制政策，使企业不仅能实现治污技术的提升，而且能实现生产技术的进步，进而为中国实现环境保护和经济增长的“双赢”提供技术支持。
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| [25] | ZhaoXiaowei.Environmentalregulation,environmentalregulationcompetitionandregionalindustrialeconomicgrowth:AnempiricalstudybasedonspatialpanelDurbinmodel,InternationalTradeIssue,2014(7):82-92.[赵霄伟.环境规制,环境规制竞争与地区工业经济增长:基于空间Durbin面板模型的实证研究.国际贸易问题,2014(7):82-92.]http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-GJMW201407009.htm本文选取2004-2009年地级市以上城市工业的面板数据,运用空间Durbin面板模型探索环境规制、环境规制竞争与地区工业经济增长的关联性关系。实证结果发现:(1)无论是全国样本,还是各地区样本,提高环境规制强度会减缓地区经济增速已经成为工业化推进中不可逾越的发展路径。(2)环境规制竞争对本地经济增长效应表现为明显的区域特征。东部和东北地区环境规制竞争具有正向增长效应,中部地区则具有负向增长效应,而西部地区增长效应不显著。这既为探索共生型环境经济政策,又为制定差别化环境政策提供决策参考。
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| [27] | WangGuoyin,WangDong.Porterhypothesis,environmentalregulationandenterprises'technologicalinnovation.ChinaSoftScience,2011(1):100-112.[王国印,王动.波特假说,环境规制与企业技术创新.中国软科学,2011(1):100-112.]
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| [28] | ShenNeng,LiuFengchao.Canintensiveenvironmentalregulationpromotetechnologicalinnovation?PorterHypothesisreexamined.ChinaSoftScience,2012(4):49-59.[沈能,刘凤朝.高强度的环境规制真能促进技术创新吗?基于“波特假说”的再检验.中国软科学,2012(4):49-59.]http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical_zgrkx201204006.aspx以往研究不论是否支持＂波特假说＂,但一个政策共识都是需要加大环境规制强度,以此促进技术创新。环境规制强度与技术创新真是线性关系吗？为此,首先利用我国1992-2009年的面板数据分别从全国与地区层面判断我国环境规制和技术创新的关系,进而利用非线性门槛面板模型实证研究我国环境规制和技术创新的＂门槛效应＂。研究表明：环境规制对技术创新的促进作用存在地区差异,＂波特假说＂在较落后的中西部地区难以支持,而在较发达的东部地区则得到了很好的支持。这种地区差异主要是受到环境规制强度及经济发展水平的影响。环境规制强度和技术创新之间呈现＂U＂型关系,只有环境规制强度跨越特定门槛值时,＂波特假说＂才能实现;经济发展水平则存在双重门槛,GDP跨越的门槛值越高,环境规制对技术创新的促进作用越显著。环境规制强度与经济发展水平的双门槛效应能对环境库兹涅茨曲线假说做出合理的解释。DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-9753.2012.04.006
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