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狭义相对论的前提与全速域狭义相对论理论模型的构建原则

DOI: 10.13190/j.jbupt.2015.03.002, PP. 13-27

Keywords: 弥聚子论,狭义相对论,低速狭义相对论,全速域狭义相对论,狭义相对性原理,光速不变原理,固有常数光速个例性原理,双极限速原理,上限速单极近似,下限速单极近似,质量-速度关联原理,时空变换,伽利略变换,洛仑兹变换,伽利略极限契合原理,洛仑兹极限契合原理,一般性极限契合原理,线性时空变换假设,时空变换数学形式的开放性原则

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Abstract:

基于笔者提出的弥聚子论的基本概念及其中对于主要反映超高速领域物质运动与时空之间关系的爱因斯坦狭义相对论(或称"高速狭义相对论")的尝试性拓展——预言了有可能显著存在于超低速领域的低速狭义相对论效应乃至有可能显著存在于超高速和超低速领域、同时涉及介于两者之间的常速领域的全速域狭义相对论效应,对爱因斯坦狭义相对论的前提进行了评述、质疑与修正,其要点包括第一,指出了爱因斯坦在"以狭义相对性原理为前提"的名义下所做推导的前提超出了纯粹意义上的狭义相对性原理,它实际上隐含了独立且具有潜在局限性的"伽利略极限契合原理"和"线性时空变换假设";第二,指出了依据对电磁波运动的考察和狭义相对性原理而得出的光速不变原理在其意义和作用方面存在一定的局限性,而通过对实物体运动的考察则有可能获得等价于光速不变原理或较之更具普遍意义的能够作为狭义相对论前提的原理,从而有可能更深刻、更充分地反映狭义相对论效应的物理本质乃至引发狭义相对论的变革;第三,区分了光速不变原理与"固有常数光速个例性原理",指出了狭义相对性原理不仅寓于相关时空变换表达式的高度对称性之中,还必寓于其他与物理过程相关的原理之中;第四,依据前期研究成果对狭义相对论的前提进行了更新,即扬弃了光速不变原理并代之以先前提出的实物体运动存在速度上限和下限的"双极限速原理"及与之孪生的"双极限速质量-速度关联原理",并指出了在笔者所期待的狭义相对论的变革中恰当运用"伽利略极限契合原理"或将其推广为"洛仑兹极限契合原理"乃至推广为扬弃具体极限情形的"一般性极限契合原理"以及放弃"线性时空变换假设"转而依循"时空变换数学形式的开放性原则"的必要性.在此基础上,通过在上限速单极近似下引入质量-速度关联原理,重新推导出了爱因斯坦狭义相对论中的洛仑兹变换关系式,明确了以质量-速度关联原理取代光速不变原理的推演步骤,并使得"光速不变"(或"上限速度不变")在爱因斯坦狭义相对论中由前提蜕变为推论.继之,分别给出了上限速单极近似和下限速单极近似下质量-速度关系的唯象推导过程,并明确了低速狭义相对论和全速域狭义相对论时空变换关系式的构建原则.这一工作使得全速域狭义相对论完备理论模型的建立又向前推进了一步.

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