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测绘学报  2015 

利用Allan方差分析GPS非差随机模型特性

DOI: 10.11947/j.AGCS.2015.20130513, PP. 119-127

Keywords: Allan方差,GPS数据,随机模型,噪声成分,噪声参数,验后残差

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Abstract:

非差GPS定位中,通常采用以观测值服从高斯白噪声条件的估计准则进行参数求解。研究表明卫星端误差、传播路径误差、测站环境误差等会破坏观测值的白噪声特性,并且未模型化误差同样具有不利影响。这不仅破坏了估计准则的假设条件,而且部分非白噪声有可能被状态参数吸收,影响估计的准确性。本文将观测值白噪声、有色噪声和未模型化误差一同纳入GPS非差随机模型,以验后残差来表征GPS数据的随机特性进行Allan方差分析,研究噪声成分及其参数。结果表明,GPS非差噪声组合主要为WN+GM,相位白噪声为2.392mm,GM过程噪声为4.450mm/√s,相关时间为52.074s,伪距白噪声为0.936m,GM过程噪声为0.833m/√s,相关时间为14.737s,相位的GM过程噪声与卫星相关性较大,而其余噪声则与测站相关性较大,大量分析结果表明GPS非差随机模型并不服从高斯白噪声假设,有待精化。

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