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沉积学报  2015 

现代渭河西安段沉积体沉积相与岩相特征

DOI: 10.14027/j.cnki.cjxb.2015.03.012, PP. 543-550

Keywords: 现代沉积,渭河,岩相,沉积相,粒度特征,砂矿体

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Abstract:

以渭河西安段草滩沉积体为例,通过剖面和探槽的详细研究,结合野外密集采样及样品的分析结果,对现代渭河草滩沉积体的粒度特征、沉积相、岩相、地层层序及沉积模式进行了综合研究。结果表明,现代渭河草滩河流沉积体主要由砂质、泥质和少量砾质沉积物组成,是一个由三期沉积旋回组成的曲流河沉积体。在现代渭河草滩沉积体内部,共识别出6种岩相,即平行层理含细砾粗砂岩相、槽状交错层理中细砂岩相、平行层理中细砂岩相、块状层理含砾中砂岩相、交错层理含砾中砂岩和块状层理泥岩相;3种沉积微相,即河床滞留沉积、边滩和泛滥平原,这些沉积微相构成了草滩沉积体内部垂向上三套不同的沉积层序下部为含砾粗砂和中砂组成的河床亚相层序,砂质沉积厚度较大;中部为一个完整的曲流河沉积层序,由滞留沉积、边滩和泛滥平原沉积构成;上部则主要为边滩和泛滥平原沉积层序。粒度分析结果表明河床滞留沉积物中的砂体粒径多分布在0.2~1.2mm,边滩沉积物中砂体粒径多分布在0.1~1.0mm,两者均是良好的砂矿体,是建筑用砂的良好来源。

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