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沉积学报  2015 

楚雄盆地六苴铜矿床容矿砂岩孔隙演化对成矿的制约

DOI: 10.14027/j.cnki.cjxb.2015.03.009, PP. 512-523

Keywords: 砂岩型铜矿床,胶结物分带,孔隙演化,矿质沉淀,六苴,楚雄盆地

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Abstract:

六苴铜矿床是典型的陆相红层盆地砂岩型铜矿床,具有明显的浅紫过渡带控矿与金属矿物分带特征,砂岩粒间孔隙为金属矿物主要赋存空间。通过对赋矿砂岩层各岩性段的碎屑含量、颗粒分选性、胶结物特征、孔隙类型及孔隙度、渗透率等的统计与分析,结果表明,上白垩统马头山组六苴下亚段(K1ml1)的中细粒长石石英砂岩具有高碎屑含量、低分选系数、高孔渗系数等特征,为有效的流体迁移通道。K1ml1砂岩层局部含丰富的有机质,在中成岩阶段可演化为烃源岩,形成富有机质的酸性—还原流体。该流体与碱性—氧化流体在砂岩透水通道中形成稳定对流,在砂岩中可形成由紫到浅的铁质、钙镁质、钙硅质、硅质胶结的胶结物分带。在水—岩相互作用中,酸性—还原流体起溶解砂岩早期的铁质、泥晶碳酸盐胶结物及还原硫酸盐的作用,由此形成粒间孔隙并提供还原硫,从而为矿质沉淀提供空间和硫源;碱性—氧化流体则提供铜离子并控制金属硫化物、碳酸盐胶结物的沉淀。生烃作用减弱时,碱性—氧化流体越过稳定对流的平衡面,使硅质胶结的浅色砂岩溶蚀,形成溶蚀孔洞,进一步提供容矿空间,并导致金属矿物发生交代作用。砂岩各成岩阶段的水—岩相互作用是控制孔隙和胶结物生成及矿质沉淀的主要因素。

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