全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...
草地学报  2014 

放牧生态学与草地管理的相关概念:Ⅰ.偏食性

DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2014.03.001, PP. 433-438

Keywords: 偏食性,适口性,采食,放牧生态学,草地管理

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

本文对放牧生态学中的一个基本概念-偏食性的涵义(属性)与维度等进行了相对全面地释义;并对比分析了与之密切相关的适口性概念。偏食性是指动物基于自身特性以及动物体状态(包括遗传特征、发育阶段、生理与营养状态等),在不受食物供给量限制的条件下,对所在生境中食物(或植物种类)表现出的采食程度差异,它具有动物依赖性、动态性及相对性。偏食性的测度能够一定程度地反映动物的食性选择趋向,或者体现动物对生境中不同食物的潜在采食或消耗量;对偏食性的分析还有助于解释动物的食性选择策略,有益于揭示动物的采食行为规律。偏食性的维度包括持续偏食性与即时偏食性,以及绝对偏食性与相对偏食性。持续偏食性是动物经过长期进化形成的、对某种食物表现出较长时间的稳定的采食强度,即时偏食性是动物在某一时间对食物的采食强度,即动物偏食性的瞬时度量;绝对偏食性是动物在面对某种单一食物、于自由采食状态下所度量的对该食物的采食强度,绝对偏食性可以被认为是动物最基本的偏食性维度,而相对偏食性是指同时提供2种或多种食物背景下,所度量的动物对某种食物的自由选择采食强度。深刻认识、理解动物的偏食性概念及涵义,并将之有效地应用于实际的草地放牧管理之中,对于发展动物采食理论,动、植物协同适应及进化理论,有效实施草地家畜管理都具有突出的科学价值和实践意义。

References

[1]  Hodgson J, Illius A W. The ecology and management of grazing systems [M]. Australia, Wallingford: CAB International, 1996
[2]  Wang D L, Han G D, Bai Y G. Interaction between foraging behaviour of herbivores and grassland resources in the eastern Eurasian steppes[M]//Grassland: A globe resource. The Netherlands:Wageningen Academic Publishers,2005:97-110
[3]  滕星,王德利,张宝田. 羊草(Leymus chinensis)草地雨天放牧与非雨天放牧的绵羊采食特征[J]. 生态学报,2006,26(3):762-767
[4]  Gordon I J, Prins H H T. The ecology of browsing and grazing [M]. Germany: Spring-Verlag, 2008
[5]  Krebs C J. Ecological methodology [M]. 2nd Edition. California: US Addison, Menlo Park: Wesley Longman, Inc., 1999
[6]  Liu J S, Wang L, Wang D L, et al. Plants can benefit from herbivory: Stimulatory effects of sheep saliva on growth of Leymus chinensis [J]. PLoS ONE,2012,7(1):e29259
[7]  Olff H, Ritchie M E, Prins H H T. Global environmental controls of diversity in large herbivores [J]. Nature, 2002,415(6874):901-904
[8]  Wang L, Wang D L, He Z B, et al. Mechanisms linking plant species richness to foraging of a large herbivore [J]. Journal of Applied Ecology,2010,47(4):868-875
[9]  Crawley M J. Herbivory: The dynamics of animal-plant interactions [M]. UK, Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1983
[10]  王德利. 植物与草食动物之间的协同适应及进化[J]. 生态学报,2004,24(11):2641-2648
[11]  陈化鹏,马建章,高晓芳. 有蹄类动物对食物的选择性及其确定[J]. 野生动物,1992,69(5):29-31
[12]  王旭,王德利,刘颖,等. 羊草草地生长季放牧山羊采食量和食性选择[J]. 生态学报,2002,22(5):661-667
[13]  Wang L, Wang D L, Liu J S, et al. Diet selection variation of a large herbivore in a feeding experiment with increasing species numbers and different plant functional group combinations [J]. Acta Oecologica,2011,37(3):263-268
[14]  Villalba J J, Provenza F D. Self-medication and homeostatic behaviour in herbivores: Learning about the benefits of nature's pharmacy [J]. Animal,2007,1(9):1360-1370
[15]  中国农业大学. 草地学[M]. 北京:中国农业出版社,1982:69-70
[16]  Molyneux R J, Ralphs M H. Plant toxins and palatability to herbivores [J]. Journal of Range Management,1992,45(1):13-18
[17]  任继周. 草业大辞典[M]. 北京:中国农业出版社,2008:748
[18]  王岭,王德利. 放牧家畜食性选择机制研究进展[J]. 应用生态学报,2007,18(1):205-211
[19]  Forbes J M. Consequences of feeding for future feeding [J]. Comparative and Biochemistry and Physiology,2001,128(3):463-470
[20]  Krueger W C. Evaluating animal forage preference [J]. Journal of Range Management,1972,25(6):471-475
[21]  Wang L, Wang D L, Bai Y G, et al. Spatial distributions of multiple plant species affect herbivore foraging selectivity [J]. Oikos,2010,119(2):401-408
[22]  Wang L, Wang D L, Bai Y G, et al. Spatially complex neighboring relationships among grassland plant species as an effective mechanism of defense against herbivory [J]. Oecologia,2010,164(1):193-200
[23]  Loehle C, Rittenhouse L R. An analysis of forage preference indices [J]. Journal of Range Management,1982,35(3):316-319
[24]  Manly B F J, McDonald L, Thomas D L. Resource selection by animals: Statistical design and analysis for field studies [M]. 2nd Ed. London: Chapman & Hall, 1992
[25]  Huang Y, Wang Y, Wang D L, et al. The effect of plant spatial pattern within a patch on foraging selectivity of grazing sheep [J]. Landscape Ecology,2012,27(6):911-919
[26]  王德利,王岭. 草食动物与草地植物多样性互作关系研究进展[J]. 草地学报,2011,19(4):699-704

Full-Text

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133