Raich J W, Schlesinger W H. The global carbon dioxide flux in soil respiration and its relationship to vegetation and climate [J]. Tellus B,1992,44(2):81-99
[3]
Ojima D S, Parton W J, Schimel D S, et al. Modeling the effects of climatic and CO2 change on grassland storage of soil C [J]. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution,1993,70(4):643-657
[4]
Sala O E, Parton W J, Joyce L A, et al. Primary production of the central grassland region of the United States [J]. Ecology,1988,69(1):40-45
[5]
Jobbágy E G, Sala O E, Paruelo J M. Patterns and controls of primary production in the Patagonian steppe: A remote sensing approach [J]. Ecology,2002,83(2):307-319
[6]
Bai Y F, Wu J G, Pan Q M, et al. Positive linear relationship between productivity and diversity: evidence from the Eurasian steppe [J]. Journal of Applied Ecology,2007,44(5):1023-1034
Yang Y, Fang J, Ma W, et al. Relationship between variability in aboveground net primary production and precipitation in global grasslands [J]. Geophisical Research Letters,2008,35(23):L23710
Thomey M L, Collins S L, Vargas R, et al. Effect of precipitation variability on net primary production production and soil respiration in a Chihuahuan Desert grassland [J]. Global Change Biology,2011,17(4):1505-1515
[13]
Heisler-White J L, Knapp A K, Kelly E F. Increasing precipitation event size increases aboveground net primary productivity in a semi-arid grassland [J]. Oecologia,2008,158(1):129-140
[14]
Heisler-White J L, Blair J M, Kelly E F, et al. Contingent productivity responses to more extreme rainfall regimes across a grassland biome [J]. Global Change Biology,2009,15(12):2894-2904
[15]
Bouma T J, Bryla D R. On the assessment of root and soil respiration for soils of different textures: Interactions with soil moisture contents and soil CO2 concentrations [J]. Plant and Soil,2000,227(1/2):215-221
[16]
Sponseller R A. Precipitation pulses and soil CO2 flux in a Sonoran desert ecosystem [J]. Global Change Biology,2007,13(2): 426-436
[17]
Casals P, Lopez-Sangil L, Carrara A, et al. Autotrophic and heterotrophic contributions to short-term soil CO2 efflux following simulated summer precipitation pulses in a Mediterranean dehesa [J]. Global Biogeochemical Cycles,2011,25(3):GB3012
Batjes N H. Total carbon and nitrogen in the soils of the world [J]. Europe Journal of Soils Science,1996,47(2):151-163
[22]
Marschner B, Bredow A. The effects on release and ecologically relevant properties of dissolved organic carbon in sterilized and biologically active soil samples [J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2002,34(4):459-466
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). Climate change 2007: The physical science basis: Summary for policy makers [M]. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2007
[25]
Tucker C J, Slayback D A, Pinzon J E, et al. Higher northern latitude normalized difference vegetation index and growing season trends from 1982 to 1999 [J]. International Journal of Biometeorology,2001,45(4):184-190
Bond-Lamberty B, Thomson A. Temperature-associated increases in the global soil respiration record [J]. Nature,2010, 464(7288):579-582
[30]
Davidson E A, Ishida F Y, Nepstad D C. Effects of an experimental drought on soil emissions of carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and nitric oxide in a moist tropical forest [J]. Global Change Biology,2004,10(5):718-730
[31]
Yang Y H, Fang J Y, Tang Y H, et al. Storage patterns and controls of soil organic carbon in the Tibetan grasslands [J]. Global Change Biology,2008,14(7):1592-1599
[32]
Saggar S, Parshotam A, Hedley C, et al. 14 C-labelled glucose turn over in New Zealand soils [J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry,1999,31(14):2025-2037
Wang Z P, Delaune R D, Patrick W H, et al. Soil redox and pH effects on methane production in a flooded rice soil [J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal,1993,57(2):382-388
[35]
王艳芬,陈佐忠,Tieszen L T. 人类活动对锡林郭勒地区主要草原土壤有机碳分布的影响[J]. 植物生态学报,1998,22(6): 545-551
[36]
Grünzweig J M, Krner C. Growth, water and nitrogen relations in grassland model ecosystems of the semi-arid Negev of Israel exposed to elevated CO2 [J]. Oecologia,2001,128(2):251-262
Rodle H. A comparison of the contribution of various gasses to the greenhouse effect [J]. Science,1990,248(4960):1217-1219
[39]
王让会. 全球变化的区域响应[M]. 北京:气象出版社,2008
[40]
刘东生. 全球变化和可持续发展科学[J]. 地学前缘,2002,9(1):1-8
[41]
李博,雍世鹏,李瑶,等. 中国的草原[M]. 北京:科学出版社,1990
[42]
于贵瑞. 全球变化与陆地生态系统碳循环和碳蓄积[M]. 北京:气象出版社,2003
[43]
姜恕,戚秋慧,孔德珍. 草原生态系统研究(I)[M]. 北京:科学出版社,1985
[44]
Sims P L, Singh J S. The structure and function of ten western North American grasslands. III. Net primary production, turnover, and efficiencies of energy capture and water use [J]. Journal of Ecology,1978,66(3):573-597
Morgan J A, Legain D R, Mosier A R, et al. Elevated CO2 enhances water relations and productivity and affects gas exchange in C3 and C4 grasses of the Colorado shotgrass steppe [J]. Global Change Biology,2001,7(4):451-466
[54]
Huxman T E, Smith S D. Photosynthesis in an invasive grass and native forb at elevated CO2 during an El Ni？o year in the Mojave desert [J]. Oecologia,2001,128(2):193-201
[55]
Hungate B A, Holland E A, Jackson R B, et al. The fate of carbon in grasslands under carbon dioxide enrichment [J]. Nature,1997,388(6642):5762-5791
[56]
Van Groeningen K J, Harris D, Horwath W R, et al. Linking sequestration of 13C and 15N in aggregates in a pasture soil following 8 years of elevated atmospheric CO2 [J]. Global Change Biology,2002,8(11):1094-1108
[57]
Hungate B A, Jackson R B, Field C B, et al. Detecting changes in soil carbon in CO2 enrichment experiments [J]. Plant and Soil,1996,187(2):135-145
[58]
Wang Y H, Zhou G S, Jia B R. Modeling SOC and NPP responses of meadow steppe to different grazing intensities in Northeast China [J]. Ecological Modelling,2008,217(1):72-78
[59]
Holt J A. Grazing pressure and soil carbon, microbial biomass and enzyme activities in semiarid northeastern Australia [J]. Applied Soil Ecology,1997,5(2):143-149
[60]
Xie Z B, Zhu J G, Liu G, et al. Soil organic carbon stocks in China and changes from 1980s to 2000s [J]. Global Change Biology,2007,13(9):1989-2007
Reeder J D, Schuman G E. Influence of livestock grazing on C sequestration in semi-arid mixed-grass and short-grass rangelands [J]. Environmental Pollution,2002,116(3):457-463
