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草地学报  2015 

根腐病原镰刀菌—苜蓿品种—土壤水分互作对种苗生长的影响

DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2015.03.027, PP. 623-631

Keywords: 苜蓿,种苗,半裸镰孢,腐皮镰孢,根部病害

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Abstract:

为了探明不同水分、镰刀菌对苜蓿品种的致病性,本研究选择紫花苜蓿品种阿尔冈金(Algonguin)、丰宝(Powerplant)与苜蓿王(Alfaking)接种半裸镰孢(Fusariumsemitectum)和腐皮镰孢(F.solani),测定不同水分苜蓿幼苗的病情指数、最终存活数、根重、苗重、根长和苗长,评价其抗病性和两种病菌侵染适宜发病的水分条件以及三者之间的相互关系,结果表明,病菌和水分均对病情指数有显著影响(P<0.05),品种和水分间存在显著的互作关系(P<0.05),品种间病情指数无显著差异,接菌后供试苜蓿品种病情指数均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。接种腐皮镰孢后显著降低了植株存活数,品种、菌种和水分之间对根重互作效应显著(P<0.05);三者对苗重也有显著影响(P<0.05),且各因素之间也存在显著的互作效应;腐皮镰孢对3个苜蓿品种的苗重均有显著抑制(P<0.05),菌种对根长的影响显著(P<0.05);半裸镰孢对丰宝和苜蓿王品种的根长有较强的抑制作用。品种、菌种和水分对苗长均有显著的影响(P<0.05),而且菌种和水分间存在互作,但品种和菌种、品种和水分、品种、菌种和水分之间互作不显著。接种腐皮镰孢在3个水分梯度条件下对3个品种的苗长均有显著的降低作用。两种镰刀菌在土壤高水分条件下可导致苜蓿发生病害并对苜蓿生产构成危害,腐皮镰孢对苜蓿根部病害的致病性较强。菌种和水分对不同品种的苜蓿病情指数存在显著的影响,而且多因素之间也存在显著的互作效应(P<0.05)。

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