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不同出口条件下行人疏散效果研究

, PP. 114-120

Keywords: 建筑出口,性能化设计,行人疏散,消防安全,元胞自动机

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Abstract:

建筑出口的性能化设计是建筑消防安全领域的重要研究课题。本文提出了行人疏散模型,对于多个出口情况考虑了行人到出口的距离、出口行人密度两个因素,从而得到了相应的出口选择模型,实现了模型的定量化表示,并进一步选择矩形房间,根据新的出口选择模型研究了单个出口和两个出口情况下行人的疏散效果。结果表明对于房间设有单个出口情况下,若出口处于墙壁的中央时行人疏散时间最短,疏散效果最佳,而行人疏散时间随着出口宽度的增加先迅速减少、后逐渐变缓、最后基本不变,因此房间的出口宽度并不是越宽越好,当出口宽度增加到一定程度时出口的疏散能力基本保持不变;对于房间设有两个出口情况下,若两个出口均处于长的墙壁上且对称分布时,发现当两个出口间距约为墙壁实际占有长度的一半时行人疏散时间最短,若两个出口分别相对分布在长的墙壁和短的墙壁上且处于墙壁的中央时行人疏散时间最短,疏散效果更佳。以上结果不受初始行人数量和出口宽度的影响,研究结果对建筑出口性能化设计具有一定的指导意义。

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