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塔里木库车坳陷新生代盐构造解析及其变形模拟

, PP. 1655-1668

Keywords: 塔里木盆地,库车坳陷,盐构造,新生代,物理和离散元数值模拟

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Abstract:

?塔里木盆地北缘库车坳陷新生代盐构造为油气聚集提供了丰富的圈闭和良好的盖层,是我国重要的油气勘探目标.通过详细的野外地质观测和二维、三维地震反射剖面解析,结合物理模拟实验和离散元数值模拟,发现库车坳陷发育三层结构的挤压冲断型盐构造:盐上层逆冲断层和褶皱、盐岩塑性流变形成的盐丘和盐背斜和盐下层构造.盐岩聚集于拜城凹陷南北两侧,盐下构造发育于拜城凹陷北侧,盐上构造向南传播的更远,盐上层与盐下层的构造形态和高点存在较大的差异,它们没有一一对应的关系.库车坳陷盐构造分为两个阶段:渐新世-中新世库车坳陷构造变形微弱,天山山前的重力(沉积)差异负载导致盐岩发生塑性流变,由山前向盆地流动,形成刺穿型盐丘、盐株;上新世库车坳陷受到强烈挤压,发生大规模逆冲推覆,早期的盐底辟构造演变为盐席断层推覆体,形成大型盐撤凹陷、外来盐席和整合型盐背斜.盐岩边界、区域构造应力变化、差异负载(沉积负载和局部构造负载)是影响库车坳陷盐构造的三个主要因素.

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