26 张美根. 多尺度空气质量模式系统及其验证 I. 模式系统介绍与气象要素模拟. 大气科学, 2005, 29: 805—813
[2]
27 Stockwell W R, Middleton P, Chang J S, et al. The second generation regional acid deposition model chemical mechanism for regional air quality modeling. J Geophys Res, 1990, 95: 16343—16367
[3]
28 Binkowski F S, Shankar U. The regional particulate matter model: 1. Model description and preliminary results. J Geophys Res, 1995, 100: 26191—26209
[4]
29 Zhang M G, Uno I, Carmichael G R, et al. Large-scale structure of trace gas and aerosol distributions over the western Pacific Ocean during TRACE-P. J Geophys Res, 2003, 108: 8820, doi: 10.1029/2002JD002946
[5]
30 Zhang M G, Uno I, Yoshida Y, et al. Transport and Transformation of Sulfur compounds over East Asia during the TRACE-P and ACE-Asia Campaigns. Atmos Environ, 2004, 38: 6947—6959
2 Ghan S J, Schwartz S E. Aerosol properties and processes: A path from field and laboratory measurements to global climate models. Bull Amer Meteorol Soc, 2007, 88: 1059—1083
[8]
3 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The Physical Science Basis of Climate Change: Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007. 26—27
[9]
4 Deepak A, Gali G. The International Global Aerosol Program (IGAP) Plan. Virginia: Deepak Publishing, 1991
[10]
5 Xin J Y, Wang Y S, Li Z Q, et al. AOD and Angstrom exponent of aerosols observed by the Chinese Sun Hazemeter Network from August 2004 to September 2005. J Geophys Res, 2007, 112: D05203, doi: 10.1029/2006JD007075
[11]
6 Francis P N, Hignett P, Taylor J P. Aircraft observations and modeling of sky radiance distributions from aerosol during TARFOX. J Geophys Res, 1999, 104: 2309—2319
[12]
7 Bergstrom R W, Russell P B. Estimation of aerosol direct radiative effects over the midlatitude North Atlantic from satellite and in situ measurements. Geophys Res Lett, 1999, 26: 173l—1734
[13]
8 Ghan S, Laulainen N, Easter R, et al. Evaluation of aerosol direct radiative forcing in MIRAGE. J Geophys Res, 2001, 106: 5295—5316
[14]
9 Malleta M, Ponta V, Lioussea C, et al. Simulation of aerosol radiative properties with the ORISAM-RAD model during a pollution event (ESCOMPTE 2001). Atmos Environ, 2006, 40: 7696—7705
[15]
10 Toon O B, Pollack J B. A global average model of atmospheric aerosols for radiative transfer calculations. J Appl Meteorol, 1976, 15: 225—246
[16]
11 Tegen I, Koch D, Lacis A A, et al. Trends in tropospheric aerosol loads and corresponding impact on direct radiative forcing between 1950 and 1990: A model study. J Geophys Res, 2000, 105: 26971—26989
[17]
12 Jacobson M Z. Global direct radiative forcing of multicomponent anthropogenic and natural aerosol. J Geophys Res, 2001, 106: 1551—1568
[18]
13 Takemura T, Nakajima T, Dubovik O, et al. Single-scattering albedo and radiative forcing of various aerosol species with a global three-dimensional model. J Clim, 2002, 15: 333—352
[19]
14 Hatzianastassiou N, Katsoulis B, Vardavas I. Global distribution of aerosol direct radiative forcing in the ultraviolet and visible arising under clear skies. Tellus, 2004, 56: 51—71
[20]
15 Koch D, Bond T C, Streets D, et al. Linking future aerosol radiative forcing to shifts in source activities. Geophys Res Lett, 2007, 34: L05821, doi: 10.1029/2006GL028360
[21]
16 Xu J, Bergin M H, Yu X, et al. Measurement of aerosol chemical, physical and radiative properties in the Yangtze delta region of China. Atmos Environ, 2002, 36: 161—173
[22]
17 Xu J, Bergin M, Greenwald H R, et al. Direct aerosol radiative forcing in the Yangtze delta region of China: Observation and model estimation. J Geophys Res, 2003, 108: 4060, doi: 10.1029/2002JD002550
[23]
18 Marmer E, Langmann B, Hungershofer K, et al. Aerosol modeling over Europe: 2. Interannual variability of aerosol shortwave direct radiative forcing. J Geophys Res, 2007, 112: D23S16, doi: 10.1029/2006JD008040
[24]
19 Roy B, Mathur R, Gilliland A B, et al. A comparison of CMAQ-based aerosol properties with IMPROVE, MODIS, and AERONET data. J Geophys Res, 2007, 112: D14301, doi: 10.1029/2006JD008085
[25]
20 Galindo N, Nicolas J F, Yubero E, et al. Factors affecting levels of aerosol sulfate and nitrate on the Western Mediterranean coast. Atmos Res, 2007, 88: 305—313
[26]
21 Li X, Zhou X, Li W, et al. The cooling of Sichuan province in recent 40 years and its probable mechanisms. Acta Met Sin, 1995, 9: 57—68
31 Zhang M G. Modeling of organic carbon aerosol distributions over East Asia in the springtime. China Part, 2004, 2: 192—195
[32]
32 Carmichael G R, Sakurai T, Streets D, et al. MICS-Asia II: The model intercomparison study for Asia Phase II methodology and overview of findings. Atmos Environ, 2008, 42: 3468—3490
[33]
33 Woo J H, Streets D G, Carmichael G R, et al. Contribution of biomass and biofuel emissions to trace gas distributions in Asia during the TRACE-P experiment. J Geophys Res, 2003, 108: 8812, doi: 10.1029/2002JD003200
[34]
34 Olivier J G J, Bouwman A F, C van der Maas W M, et al. Emission database for global atmospheric research. Environ Monit Assess, 1994, 31: 93—106
[35]
35 Benkovitz C M, Schultz M T, Pacyna J, et al. Global gridded inventories of anthropogenic emissions of sulfur and nitrogen. J Geophys Res, 1996, 101: 239—253
[36]
36 Malm W C, Sisler J F, Huffman D, et al. Spatial and seasonal trends in particle concentration and optical extinction in the United States. J Geophys Res, 1994, 99: 1347—1370
[37]
37 Han Z W, Zhang R J, Wang Q G, et al. Regional modeling of organic aerosols over China in summertime. J Geophys Res, 2008, 113: D11202, doi: 10.1029/2007JD009436
[38]
38 He K B, Yang F M, Ma Y L, et al. The characteristics of PM2.5 in Beijing, China. Atmos Environ, 2001, 35: 4959—4970
[39]
39 Ye B M, Ji X L, Yang H Z, et al. Concentration and chemical composition of PM2.5 in Shanghai for a 1-year period. Atmos Environ, 2003, 37: 499—510
