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热河生物群脊椎动物生物多样性的分析以及与其他动物群的比较

, PP. 1250-1265

Keywords: 热河生物群,早白垩世,脊椎动物,多样性,特异埋藏

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Abstract:

?近20年来,热河生物群脊椎动物化石的发现不仅在各重要脊椎动物门类的演化、生物地层学研究以及古地理、古环境研究中具有重要的意义,而且还为分析这一时期地球陆地生态系统中生物多样性的演变提供十分难得的资料.目前狭义的热河生物群(即辽宁西部、河北北部、内蒙古东南部等核心分布区)的脊椎动物化石已知有效命名的至少有121属142种.其中,哺乳类13属15种,鸟类33属39种,恐龙30属35种,翼龙17属17种,有鳞类5属5种,离龙类5属7种,龟鳖类2属2种,两栖类8属8种,鱼类7属13种,无颌类1属1种.已知的121属全部属于已经灭绝的类型,其中只有无颌类、鱼类和两栖类的少数属可以归入到现生的科一级分类单元.热河脊椎动物群的多样性已经远远超过了同期巴西的Santana动物群和西班牙的LasHoyas动物群;即便和世界著名的化石宝库,如德国晚侏罗世的Solnhofen动物群,或者是德国始新世的Messel动物群相比,在脊椎动物种类的多样性方面也毫不逊色;因此无论从化石保存的完整和精美程度还是多样性的构成来看,都无疑属于一个世界级的化石宝库.热河脊椎动物群多样性的形成具有复杂的生物、地质与环境背景.对不同类群脊椎动物生态习性和食性等多样性的分析还显示,习性和食性的分化无疑在热河脊椎动物不同等级的分类单元多样性的形成中起到了关键的作用.而且,热河生态系统中脊椎动物与植物和无脊椎动物的相互作用以及各门类脊椎动物演化的规律和关键特征的产生也都扮演了重要的角色.

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