全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...

重污染和新粒子生成过程中城市大气颗粒物数谱分布演变过程

, PP. 1192-1199

Keywords: 颗粒物数谱分布,新粒子生成,碰并汇,凝结汇

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

?使用双电迁移性颗粒物粒径谱分析仪和空气动力学颗粒物粒径谱分析仪对北京城市大气颗粒物(3nm~10μm)数浓度谱分布进行长期观测.选取2006年春节期间出现的一次重污染事件和一次新粒子生成过程,对期间颗粒物数谱分布特征及演变过程进行分析.在重污染事件中3~10nm颗粒物(平均数浓度46cm-3)几乎在大气中消失,而新粒子生成事件中核模态颗粒物数浓度最高达到3.5×104cm-3.这种现象可以通过颗粒物的碰并汇和低挥发性气态前体物的凝结汇从颗粒物的汇和源两个角度进行解释:重污染事件中,3~10nm颗粒物的碰并汇为1.1×10-2~1.2×10-3s-1,显著高于新粒子生成过程(9.9×10-4~1.4×10-4s-1);在新粒子生成过程中,参与成核的低挥发性气态前体物的凝结汇为0.01s-1,显著低于重污染事件(0.13s-1).研究结果表明在分析极端大气环境中的颗粒物数谱分布时,除交通和气象因素外,碰并和凝结过程的影响也需要给予足够的重视.

References

[1]  1 Schwartz J, Dockery D W, Neas L M. Is daily mortality associated specifically with fine particles? J Air Waste Manage Assoc, 1996, 46: 927-939
[2]  2 Pope C A. Review: Epidemiological basis for particulate air pollution health standards. Aerosol Sci Tech, 2000, 32: 4-14??
[3]  3 Pope C A, Dockery D W, Schwartz J. Review of epidemiological evidence of health-effects of particulate air-pollution. Inhal Toxicol, 1995, 7: 1-18??
[4]  4 Peters A, Wichmann H E, Tuch T, et al. Respiratory effects are associated with the number of ultrafine particles. Am J Resp Crit Care, 1997, 155: 1376-1383
[5]  5 Penttinen P, Timonen K L, Tiittanen P, et al. Number concentration and size of particles in urban air: Effects on spirometric lung function in adult asthmatic subjects. Environ Health Persp, 2001, 109: 319-323??
[6]  6 Biswas P, Wu C Y. Critical review: Nanoparticles and the environment. J Air Waste Manage Assoc, 2005, 55: 708-746
[7]  7 Wu Z J, Hu M, Lin P, et al. Particle number size distribution in the urban atmosphere of Beijing, China. Atmos Environ, 2008, 42: 7967-7980??
[8]  8 Harrison R M, Jones M, Collins G. Measurements of the physical properties of particles in the urban atmosphere. Atmos Environ, 1999, 33: 309-321??
[9]  9 Tuch T M, Wehner B, Pitz M, et al. Long-term measurements of size-segregated ambient aerosol in two German cities located 100 km apart. Atmos Environ, 2003, 37: 4687-4700??
[10]  10 Hussein T, Puustinen A, Aalto P P, et al. Urban aerosol number size distributions. Atmos Chem Phys, 2004, 4: 391-411??
[11]  22 Dal Maso M, Kulmala M, Riipinen I, et al. Formation and growth of fresh atmospheric aerosols: Eight years of aerosol size distribution data from SMEAR II, Hyytiala, Finland. Boreal Environ Res, 2005, 10: 323-336
[12]  11 Kulmala M, Rannik U, Pirjola L, et al. Characterization of atmospheric trace gas and aerosol concentrations at forest sites in southern and northern Finland using back trajectories. Boreal Environ Res, 2000, 5: 315-336
[13]  12 M?nkk?nen P, Koponen I K, Lehtinen K E J, et al. Death of nucleation and Aitken mode particles: Observations at extreme atmospheric conditions and their theoretical explanation. J Aerosol Sci, 2004, 35: 781-787??
[14]  13 Seinfeld J H, Pandis S N. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1998
[15]  14 Hinds W C. Aerosol Technology: Properties, Behavior, and Measurement of Airborne Particles. 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1999
[16]  15 胡敏, 赵云良, 何凌燕, 等. 北京冬、夏季颗粒物及其离子成分质量浓度谱分布. 环境科学, 2005, 26: 1-6
[17]  16 Kulmala M. How particles nucleate and grow. Science, 2003, 302: 1000-1001??
[18]  17 Yue D L, Hu M, Zhang R Y, et al. The roles of sulfuric acid in new particle formation and growth in the mega-city of Beijing. Atmos Chem Phys, 2010, 10: 4953-4960, doi: 10.5194/acp-10-4953-2010 ??
[19]  18 Kulmala M, Vehkam?ki H, Pet?j? T, et al. Formation and growth rates of ultrafine atmospheric particles: A review of observations. J Aerosol Sci, 2004, 35: 143-176??
[20]  19 Wu Z J, Hu M, Liu S, et al. New particle formation in Beijing, China: Statistical analysis of a 1-year data set. J Geophys Res, 2007, 112, doi: 10.1029/2006JD007406
[21]  20 Kulmala M, Pirjola U, M?kel? J M. Stable sulphate clusters as a source of new atmospheric particles. Nature, 2000, 404: 66-69??
[22]  21 Kulmala M, Pet?j? T, M?nkk?nen P, et al. On the growth of nucleation mode particles: Source rates of condensable vapor in polluted and clean environments. Atmos Chem Phys, 2005, 5: 409-416??

Full-Text

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133