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华南早古生代花岗岩的地球化学、年代学及其成因研究—以赣中南为例

, PP. 1061-1079

Keywords: 花岗岩,地球化学,U-Pb测年,Hf同位素,早古生代,赣中南

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Abstract:

?在大量野外地质调查和前人资料分析的基础上,选择赣中南四个有代表性的早古生代花岗质岩进行了重点解剖,内容包括岩相学特征、锆石U-Pb定年、原位Hf同位素成分测试、岩石地球化学特征等.野外观察表明,岩体和围岩成分呈渐变关系,两者的片理产状基本一致,岩体边缘可见不规则状砂质板岩残留体,残留体中的片理产状也与岩体和围岩的相近,具有原地花岗岩化的成因特征.显微镜下观测显示,岩体中石英含量高,含有白云母、矽线石等富铝矿物,应属S型花岗岩类;长石和石英矿物被强烈压扁拉长,呈线状定向排列,反映岩体曾经受到过强烈的挤压剪切作用.四个花岗岩体的主量元素成分显示,A/CNK值在1.03~1.37之间(13组平均值为1.16),属于强过铝质花岗岩;硅-碱图解表明,它们都属于偏碱性花岗岩,源岩主要由砂屑质岩石组成.四个岩体均富集Rb,Th和U,亏损Ba,Sr,Nb和Ti,属于低Ba-Sr花岗岩范畴,它们的微量元素蛛网曲线接近重合,反映同源成因特征.其稀土总量较高,轻稀土富集,铕负异常明显,具有陆壳物质部分熔融的特征.锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,赣中南四个花岗岩体的结晶年龄基本一致:(436.1±5.7)Ma(贵溪塘湾,N=22),(440.6±4)Ma(宜黄界口,N=32),(435.9±6.2)Ma(黎川,N=21),(441.9±3.1)Ma(金溪,N=27),相当于志留纪兰多维列世.另有少量捕获锆石,测年值700Ma左右,推测是其基底岩石记录到的华南古陆块裂解信息.锆石Th/U比值大,在0.52~1.54之间,平均值为1.08,具有岩浆结晶锆石的特征.锆石原位Hf同位素成分数据表明,赣中南志留纪花岗岩的εHf(t)值呈现明显负值,表明研究区花岗岩浆基本上来自地壳的部分熔融,没有受到幔源岩浆成分的影响.诸多证据表明,赣中南在早古生代曾经发生过陆块聚合作用.强烈的挤压使地壳缩短变厚,因地温增高以及高产热元素在加厚带的浓聚,遂使地壳逐渐软化并部分熔融,形成铝过饱和花岗岩浆;然后,在后造山伸展-减压背景下上升侵位,形成花岗岩体.

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