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大民屯凹陷古近系高岭石亚族和伊/蒙混层矿物特征与盆地古温度

, PP. 169-180

Keywords: 大民屯凹陷,古近系,高岭石,埃洛石,伊/蒙混层地温计,古地温梯度

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Abstract:

?大民屯凹陷隶属于辽河坳陷,形成于古近纪,是我国东部著名的含油盆地.其古近系的泥岩是主要的生油岩层.笔者运用X射线衍射、电子探针、扫描电镜和傅利叶红外光谱等测试手段,分析了大民屯凹陷古近系泥岩和页岩中高岭石亚族矿物和伊/蒙混层矿物成岩演化的特征,探讨了大民屯古近系凹陷盆地的埋藏成岩史和生烃门限.研究表明,高岭石亚族的矿物在本区可见高岭石和埃洛石.高岭石呈片状、似蠕虫状;埃洛石呈长管状,管子的长短与Fe含量密切相关,管子越长表明Fe的含量越低.高岭石的结晶度(KC)为0.40°2θ,有序度(LI)随着埋藏深度由浅至深,趋于增高,即LI=0.03~1.17.本区深度≤2479m的高岭石为无序高岭石,而深度>2479m的高岭石则为部分有序高岭石.在大于2550m的深度,可能存在高岭石向地开石转变的趋势,但由于页岩和泥岩的渗透性和孔隙度较小,不利于高岭石向地开石转变.随着埋藏深度的增加,伊/蒙混层矿物(I/S)由无序向有序发生连续转变.小于2550.25m为无序的伊/蒙混层矿物(R0I/S),其伊利石晶层百分含量(I%)≤50%;≥2550.25m则为有序的伊/蒙混层矿物(R1I/S),其伊利石晶层百分含量(I%)一般大于50%~75%.由伊/蒙混层矿物(I/S)地温计获得大民屯古近系凹陷的古地温梯度为3.37~3.76℃/100m,平均值为3.57℃/100m,明显大于现今地温梯度2.9℃/100m,此异常现象为裂陷盆地动力学演化阶段的反映,并且后期又叠加了地壳抬升引起的剥蚀,为二者综合作用的结果.剥蚀厚度约1000m.大民屯凹陷的生油门限约为2550m.

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