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民勤沙漠-绿洲低空沙尘暴结构特征研究

, PP. 234-242

Keywords: 民勤,近地层,沙尘,水平通量,垂直通量

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Abstract:

?通过从沙漠到沙漠绿洲过渡带再到绿洲8.3km水平梯度和近地层50m垂直梯度的低空沙尘观测系统所收集的19次沙尘暴的沙尘水平通量、垂直通量及风速等相关气象数据,结合下垫面环境状况,定量研究了中小尺度条件下,民勤沙漠、沙漠绿洲过渡带和绿洲3种典型下垫面环境沙尘暴诸要素的水平分布和垂直变化规律及其与下垫面的关系,评估了绿洲及沙漠绿洲过渡带生态防护系统对沙尘暴的防护效益.主要获得以下结果,近地层0~50m范围内:(1)在沙漠和沙漠绿洲过渡带沙尘水平通量和沙尘浓度均随高度呈显著降低趋势,在绿洲内部沙尘水平通量和沙尘浓度均随高度呈现平缓上升趋势,在这3种下垫面条件下沙尘水平通量和沙尘浓度随高度的变化均较严格地遵循幂函数关系.(2)在沙漠、沙漠绿洲过渡带沙尘垂直通量随高度的增加而减少;在绿洲内部垂直通量随高度的分布呈单偏峰形,垂直通量最大点位于农田防护林林冠层中点高度处(9m).(3)在沙漠区,通过1m(宽)×50m(高)的空间断面的年沙尘水平通量是9169kg,沙漠绿洲过渡带通过相同大小断面的沙尘水平通量是5318kg,比沙漠区减少了42%;绿洲内部相同断面的沙尘水平通量为2345kg,比沙漠区减少了74%,证明防风固沙林和农田防护林网对沙尘暴有较强的消弱功能.

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