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洼地沉积的137Cs法断代测定森林砍伐后的喀斯特小流域土壤流失量

, PP. 265-271

Keywords: 137Cs示踪技术,喀斯特洼地,泥沙沉积,森林破坏,响应

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Abstract:

?贵州喀斯特高原的毁林开荒往往引起严重的土壤侵蚀.喀斯特洼地沉积泥沙的137Cs断代用以调查贵州普定石人寨小流域1979年森林破坏后的坡地地表侵蚀的土壤流失量.该小流域集水面积0.054km2,洼地面积2652m2,2009年采集的洼地5个孔的顶层和峰值层的137Cs平均浓度分别为2.35和7.25Bq·kg-1,峰值层的深度介于84~113.5cm之间,平均深度为92.1cm.1979年以来的沉积泥沙的总体积和总重量分别为1965m3和2496t.洼地底部可视为一暂时性蓄水体,确定的泥沙输移比为0.7,1979年以来的坡地平均土壤侵蚀速率为2315t·kg-2·1-1.5个孔的137Cs平均面积活度7693Bq·m-2,为本底值782Bq·m-2的9.8倍.洼地泥沙的137Cs总量为20.4×106Bq,1954年以来坡地的137Cs平均流失量为358Bq·m-2,相当于本底值的45.8%.由于森林破坏和随后的垦殖期的之前和之后,流域坡地土壤侵蚀并不强烈,估计石人寨小流域1979~1990期间的坡地侵蚀速率可能高达7000t·km-2·a-1.

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