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中国西北地区典型流域冻土退化对水文过程的影响

, PP. 85-92

Keywords: 水文,冻土,气候变化,影响

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Abstract:

?本文利用河西走廊疏勒河、黑河、石羊河和黄河上游50多年来冬季径流以及气温变化的对比分析,通过空间和时间的变化认识多年冻土变化对径流的影响.从径流的时间变化上看,50年来,多年冻土覆盖率较大的河流冬季退水过程有明显的减缓,这一减缓过程与流域负积温变化较为一致,但这一影响在多年冻土覆盖率较小的流域则没有表现.这表明在多年冻土覆盖率较大的河流,多年冻土退化已经对流域的水文过程产生影响.多年冻土退化的这一水文效应主要是由于随着多年冻土退化,冻土的隔水作用减小,一方面使流域内有更多的地表水入渗变成地下水,造成流域地下水水库的储水量加大,导致冬季径流增加;另一方面,入渗区域的加大和活动层的加厚,使流域地下水库库容增加,导致流域退水过程更为缓慢.此外,多年冻土对气候变暖的响应是一个缓慢的过程,因此多年冻土退化对径流过程的影响也是一个渐变过程.

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