Algeo T J, Chen Z Q, Fraiser M L, et al. 2011. Terrestrial-marine teleconnections in the collapse and rebuilding of Early Triassic marine ecosystems. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol, 308: 1-11
[11]
Anderson D L. 1982. Hotspots, polar wander, Mesozoic convection and the geoid. Nature, 297: 391-393
[12]
Benton M J, Harper D A T. 1997. Basic Palaeontology. Essex: Addison Wesley Longman. 342
[13]
Berner R A. 2002. Examination of hypotheses for the Permo-Triassic boundary extinction by carbon cycle modeling. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2002, 99: 4172-4177
[14]
Berner R A. 2005. The carbon and sulfur cycles and atmospheric oxygen from Middle Permian to Middle Triassic. Geochim Cosmochim Acta, 69: 3211-3217
[15]
Cao C, Love G D, Hays L E, et al. 2009. Biogeochemical evidence for euxinic oceans and ecological disturbance presaging the end-Permian mass extinction event. Earth Planet Sci Lett, 281: 188-201
[16]
Dagys A, Arkhipov Y V, Bychkov Y M. 1979. Stratigraphy of the Triassic System of Northeastern Asia. Academy of Sciences, USSR, Siberian Branch, Institute of Geology and Geophysics. Transactions, 447: 1-241
[17]
Eide E A, Torsvik T H. 1996. Paleozoic supercontinental assembly, mantle flushing, and genesis of the Kiaman Superchron. Earth Planet Sci Lett, 1996, 144: 389-402
[18]
Erwin D H. 1993. The Great Paleozoic Crisis: Life and Death in the Permian. New York: Columbia University Press
[19]
Feng Q, He W, Gu S, et al. 2007. Radiolarian evolution during the latest Permian in South China. Global Planet Change, 55: 177-192
[20]
Flügel E. 2002. Triassic reef patterns. In: Kiessling W, Flügel E, Golonka J, eds. Phanerozoic Reef Patterns. Tulsa: Society for Sedimentary Geology. 391-463
[21]
Golonka J, Ross M, Scotese C. 1994. Phanerozoic paleogeographic and paleoclimatic modeling maps. Can Soc Petrol Geol Mem, 17: 1-48
[22]
Gradstein F M, Ogg J G, Smith A G. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
[23]
Grice K, Cao C, Love G D, et al. 2005. Photic zone euxinia during the Permian-Triassic superanoxic event. Science, 307: 706-709
[24]
Hallam A, Wignall P B. 1997. Mass Extinctions and Their Aftermath. Oxford: Oxford University Press
[25]
Hardie L A. 1996. Secular variation in seawater chemistry: An explanation for the coupled secular variation in the mineralogies of marine limestones and potash evaporites over the past 600 My. Geology, 24: 279-283
[26]
Hays J D. 1971. Faunal extinctions and reversals of the Earth''s magnetic field. Geol Soc Am Bull, 82: 2433-2447
[27]
Koeberl C, Farley K A. Peucker-Ehrenbrink B, et al. 2004. Geochemistry of the end-Permian extinction event in Austria and Italy: No evidence for an extraterrestrial component. Geology, 32: 1053-1056
[28]
Retallack G J, Veevers J J, Morante R. 1996. Global coal gap between Permian-Triassic extinction and Middle Triassic recovery of peat-forming plants. Geol Soc Am Bull, 108: 195-207
[29]
Retallack G J. 2001. A 300-million-year record of atmospheric carbon dioxide from fossil plant cuticles Nature, 411: 287-290
[30]
Retallack G J. 2002. Carbon dioxide and climate over the past 300 Myr. Phil Trans R Soc Lond A, 360: 659-673
[31]
Retallack G J, Jahren A H. 2008. Methane release from igneous intrusion of coal during Late Permian extinction events. J Geol, 116: 1-20
[32]
Richards M A, Engebretson D C. 1992. Large-scale mantle convection and the history of subduction. Nature, 355: 437-440
[33]
Scotese C R, McKerrow W S. 1990. Paleozoic world maps and symposium introduction. In: McKerrow W S, Scotese C R. eds. Paleozoic Paleogeogaphy and Biogeography. London: Society of London. 1-24
[34]
Sepkoski J J Jr. 1984. A kinetic model of Phanerozoic taxonomic diversity, III. Post-Paleozoic families and mass extinctions. Paleobiology, 10: 246-267
[35]
Sepkoski J J Jr. 1997. Biodiversity: Past, present, and future. J Paleontol, 71: 533-539
[36]
Shen S, Crowley J L, Wang Y, et al. 2011a. Calibrating the End-Permian mass extinction. Science, 334: 1367-1372
[37]
Shen W, Lin Y, Xu L, et al. 2007. Pyrite framboids in the Permian-Triassic boundary section at Meishan, China: Evidence for dysoxic deposition. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol, 253: 323-331
[38]
Shen W, Sun Y, Lin Y, et al. 2011b. Evidence for wildfire in the Meishan section and implications for Permian-Triassic events. Geochim Cosmochim Acta, 75: 1992-2006
[39]
Shen Y, Farquhar J, Zhang H, et al. 2011c. Multiple S-isotopic evidence for episodic shoaling of anoxic water during Later Permian mass extinction. Nature Commun, 2: 210
[40]
Song H, Tong J, Chen Z Q. 2011a. Evolutionary dynamics of the Permian-Triassic foraminifer size: Evidence for Lilliput effect in the end-Permian mass extinction and its aftermath. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol, 308: 98-110
[41]
Song H, Wignall P B, Chen Z Q, et al. 2011b. Recovery tempo and pattern of marine ecosystems after the end-Permian mass extinction. Geology, 39: 739-742
[42]
Song H, Wignall P B, Tong J, et al. 2012. Geochemical evidence from bio-apatite for multiple oceanic anoxic events during Permian-Triassic transition and the link with end-Permian extinction and recovery. Earth Planet Sci Lett, 353-354: 12-21
[43]
Song H, Wignall P B, Tong J, et al. 2013. Two discrete pulses to the Permian-Triassic extinction. Nature Geosci, 6: 52-56
[44]
Stanley S M, Yang X. 1994. A double mass extinction at the end of the Paleozoic Era. Science, 266: 1340-1344
[45]
Svensen H, Planke S, Polozov A G, et al. 2009. Siberian gas venting and the end-Permian environmental crisis. Earth Planet Sci Lett, 277: 490-500
[46]
Teichert C, Kummel B, Sweet W C. 1973. Permian-Triassic strata, Kuh-e-Ali Bashi, northwestern Iran. Bull Mus Comp Zool, 145: 359-472
[47]
Veevers J J, Tewari R C. 1995. Permian-Carboniferous and Permian-Triassic magmatism in the rift zone bordering the Tethyan margin of southern Pangea. Geology, 23: 467-470
[48]
Visscher H, Looy C V, Collinson M E, et al. 2004. Environmental mutagenesis during the end-Permian ecological crisis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 101: 12952-12956
[49]
Vrzhosek A A. 1997. Late Permian bimodal volcanism in South Primorye. In: Dickins J M, Yang Z, Yin H, et al, eds. Late Palaeozoic and Early Mesozoic Circum-Pacific events and their Global Correlation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
[50]
Wang C. 2007. Anomalous hopane distributions at the Permian-Triassic boundary, Meishan, China—Evidence for the end-Permian marine ecosystem collapse. Org Geochem, 38: 52-66
[51]
Wang C, Visscher H. 2007. Abundance anomalies of aromatic biomarkers in the Permian-Triassic boundary section at Meishan, China: Evidence of end-Permian terrestrial ecosystem collapse. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol, 252: 291-303
[52]
Ward P D, Botha J, Buick R, et al. 2005. Abrupt and gradual extinction among Late Permian land vertebrates in the Karoo Basin, South Africa. Science, 307: 709-714
[53]
Ward P D, Montgomery D R, Smith R. 2000. Altered river morphology in South Africa related to the Permian-Triassic extinction. Science, 289: 1740-1743
[54]
Wignall P B. 2001. Large igneous provinces and mass extinctions. Earth Sci Rev, 53: 1-33
[55]
Worsley T R, Nance D, Moody J B. 1984. Global tectonics and eustasy for the past 2 billion years. Mar Geol, 58: 373-400
[56]
Xia W, Zhang N, Wang G, et al. 2004. Pelagic radiolarian and conodont biozonation in the Permo-Triassic boundary interval and correlation to Meishan GSSP. Micropaleontology, 50: 27-44
[57]
Xie S, Pancost R D, Huang J, et al. 2007. Changes in the global carbon cycle occurred as two episodes during the Permian Triassic crisis. Geology, 35: 1083-1086
[58]
Xie S, Pancost R D, Wang Y, et al. 2010. Cyanobacterial blooms tied to volcanism during the 5 M.y. Permo-Triassic biotic crisis. Geology, 38: 447-450
[59]
Xie S, Pancost R D, Yin H, et al. 2005. Two episodes of microbial change coupled with Permo/Triassic faunal mass extinction. Nature, 434: 494-497
[60]
Xu, Y G, He B, Chung S L, et al. 2004. The geologic, geochemical and geophysical consequences of plume involvement in the Emeishan flood basalt province. Geology, 30: 917-920
[61]
Yang J, Cawood P A, Du Y, et al. 2012. Large Igneous Province and magmatic arc sourced Permian-Triassic volcanogenic sediments in China. Sediment Geol, 261-262: 120-131
[62]
Yin H. 1996. The Palaeozoic-Mesozoic Boundary, Candidates of Global Stratotype Section and Point of the Permian-Triassic Boundary. Wuhan: China University of Gcosciences Press. 137
[63]
Yin H, Feng Q, Lai X, et al. 2007. The protracted Permo-Triassic crisis and multi-episode extinction around the Permian-Triassic boundary. Global Planet Change, 55: 1-20
[64]
Yin H, Huang S, Zhang K, et al. 1992. The effects of volcanism on the Permo-Triassic mass extinction in South China. In: Sweet W C, Yang Z Y, Dickins J M, eds. Permo-Triassic Events in the Eastern Tethys. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
[65]
Yin H, Xie S, Luo G, et al. 2012. Two episodes of environmental change at the Permian-Triassic boundary of the GSSP section Meishan. Earth Sci Rev, 115: 163-172
[66]
Zhang K, Tong J, Yin H, et al. 1997. Sequence stratigraphy of the Permian-Triassic boundary section of Changxing, Zhejiang, Southern China. Acta Geol Sin, 71: 90-103
Henderson C M, Baud A. 1997. Correlation of the Permian-Triassic boundary in Arctic Canada and comparison with Meishan, China. Proceedings, 30th International Geological Congress, 11: 143-152
[70]
Isozaki Y. 1997. Permo-Triassic boundary superanoxia and stratified superocean: Records from lost deep sea. Science, 276: 235-238
[71]
Isozaki Y. 2009. Illawarra reversal: The fingerprint of a superplume that triggered Pangean breakup and the end-Guadalupian (Permian) mass extinction. Gondwana Res, 2009, 15: 421-432
[72]
Jin Y, Wang Y, Wang W, et al. 2000. Pattern of marine mass extinction near the Permian-Triassic boundary in South China. Science, 289: 432-436
[73]
Joachimski M M, Lai X, Shen S, et al. 2012. Climate warming in the latest Permian and the Permian-Triassic mass extinction. Geology, 40: 195-198
[74]
Kiessling W, Aberhan M, Villier L. 2008. Phanerozoic trends in skeletal diversity driven by mass extinctions. Nature Geosci, 1: 527-530
[75]
Knoll A H, Bambach R K, Payne J L, et al. 2007. Paleophysiology and end-Permian mass extinction. Earth Planet Sci Lett, 256: 295-313
[76]
Kershaw S, Zhang T S, Lan G Z A, 1999. Microbialite carbonate crust at the Permian-Triassic boundary in South China, and its palaeoenvironmental significance. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol, 146: 1-18
[77]
Korte C, Pande P, Kalia P, et al. 2010. Massive volcanism at the Permian-Triassic boundary and its impact on the isotopic composition of the ocean and atmosphere. J Asian Earth Sci, 37: 293-311
[78]
Kozur H. 2007. Biostratigraphy and event stratigraphy in Iran around the Permian-Triassic Boundary (PTB): Implications for the causes of the PTB biotic crisis. Global Planet Change, 55: 155-176
[79]
Luo G, Kump L R, Wang Y, et al. 2010. Isotopic evidence for an anomalously low oceanic sulfate concentration following end-Permian mass extinction. Earth Planet Sci Lett, 300: 101-111
[80]
Luo G, Lai X, Shi G R, et al. 2008. Size variation of conodont elements of the Hindeodus-Isarcicella clade during the Permian-Triassic transition in South China and its implication for mass extinction. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol, 264: 176-187
[81]
Luo G, Wang Y, Algeo T J, et al. 2011. Enhanced nitrogen fixation in the immediate aftermath of the latest Permian marine mass extinction. Geology, 39: 647-650
[82]
Mundil R, Ludwig K R, Metcalfe L, et al. 2004. Age and timing of the Permian mass extinctions: U/Pb dating of closed-system zircons. Science, 305: 1760-1763
[83]
Ogg J G, Ogg G, Gradstein F M. 2008. The Concise Geologic Time Scale. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
[84]
Payne J L, Lehrmann D J, Wei J, et al. 2004. Large perturbations of the carbon cycle during recovery from the end-Permian extinction. Science, 305: 506-509
[85]
Payne J L, Turchyn A V, Paytan A, et al. 2010. Calcium isotope constraints on the end-Permian mass extinction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 107: 8543-8548
[86]
Racki G. 1999. Silica-secreting biota and mass extinctions: Survival patterns and processes. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol, 154: 107-132
[87]
Racki G. 2003. End-Permian mass extinction: Oceanographic consequences of double catastrophic volcanism. Lethaia, 36: 171-173
[88]
Racki G, Wignall P B. 2005. Late permian double-phased mass extinction and volcanism: An oceanographic perspective. In: Over D J, Morrow J R, Wignall P B, eds. Developments in Palaeontology and Stratigraphy. Amsterdam: Elsevier. 263-297
[89]
Retallack G J. 1995. Permian-Triassic life crisis on land. Science, 267: 77-80
[90]
Yin H, Zhang K, Tong J, et al. 2001. The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Permian-Triassic boundary. Episodes, 24: 102-114