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末次冰期以来印尼穿越流对东亚季风变迁和ENSO活动的响应

, PP. 2709-2720

Keywords: 海水性质,温跃层深度,印尼穿越流,东亚季风,ENSO

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Abstract:

?印尼穿越流连接西太平洋和印度洋,调节这两个大洋之间的热量和水汽的交换,继而在全球气候变化中扮演着重要的角色.印尼穿越流的通量、水体性质和垂向分层受东亚季风和厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(ElNi?o-SouthernOscillation,ENSO)等气候现象强烈影响.本文研究了钻取于帝汶海区印尼穿越流出口处SO18462孔的沉积物,分析浮游有孔虫表层水种和温跃层水种壳体的氧同位素和Mg/Ca比值,恢复了末次冰期以来印尼穿越流表层水和温跃层水的温度和盐度以及垂向温度梯度的变化,并与钻取于西太平洋暖池中心的3cBX孔记录进行了对比.结果显示,末次冰期时帝汶海与西太平洋暖池的表层海水性质几乎一致,自大约16ka以来帝汶海相对暖池的表层海水淡化显著,但二者之间的温度差异变化不大.冰消期时,帝汶海和暖池温跃层海水温度均呈现升高趋势,在大约11.5ka达到峰值;之后,暖池中心的温跃层海水温度总体维持不变,而帝汶海的温跃层海水温度逐渐降低;6ka以来,帝汶海和暖池温跃层海水性质总体趋于一致.上述结果表明,早全新世(11.5~6ka),类拉尼娜状态以及东亚夏季风降水的增加,使得区域内表层海水盐度降低,抑制了印尼穿越流表层流,导致温跃层流加强.6ka以来,除了东亚冬季风影响下最终造成帝汶海温跃层变浅外,ENSO的频繁活动也可能是重要的影响因素.

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