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克拉通岩石圈减薄与破坏

DOI: 10.1007/s11430-014-4995-0, PP. 2358-2372

Keywords: 减薄,破坏,地幔柱,俯冲,克拉通

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Abstract:

?我国华北克拉通在显生宙期间曾发生过>100km的岩石圈减薄,并伴随克拉通的破坏.但如何认识该克拉通破坏的机制及在全球大陆演化中的意义,是目前需要深入研究的问题.本文通过对地球上印度、巴西、南非、西伯利亚、东欧(波罗地)、北美等克拉通的总结发现,岩石圈减薄是克拉通演化过程中经常见及的一种现象,但减薄并不一定伴随破坏.进一步深入研究表明,大多数克拉通的减薄可能主要通过地幔柱或地幔上涌的热侵蚀而实现,但目前还没有地幔柱或地幔上涌使克拉通发生破坏的实例.对已发生破坏的北美和华北克拉通的研究揭示,板块俯冲是导致克拉通破坏的重要原因.俯冲大洋板块的脱水交代上覆地幔楔,不仅可使其发生部分熔融而产生广泛的岩浆作用,更重要的是使大陆岩石圈地幔失去原有的刚性特征而易于发生变形.从这一过程出发,大规模地壳来源的花岗岩和壳内韧性变形可视为克拉通破坏的岩石学与构造学标志.

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