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现代人颅骨头面部表面积的纬度分布特点及其与温度的关系

, PP. 1844-1853

Keywords: 全新世人群,头面部表面积,纬度,温度,相关性

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Abstract:

?人类头面部形态特征具有区域性及人群间差异,在人类学的研究中被用作亲缘关系的证据.一般认为人类头面部的形态具有区域性分布特点,头面部的大小和形状与遗传和环境因素均有关,尤其受居住地的气温的影响,但学术界对遗传和环境因素对人类头面部体质特征的影响程度还不是很清楚,因缺少对性状来源的深入探讨,常把趋同特征用作亲缘关系的证据,得出的结论往往被质疑.本文以亚洲、非洲、欧洲、美洲和大洋洲18个考古遗址出土的295例现代人头骨为研究材料,利用3D激光扫描技术,获取脑颅的头盖部和面颅的颧骨部分的表面积,对不同纬度人群头面部大小的变化规律及与年均温度的相关性进行了分析.结果显示,人类头面部的形态特征具有适应性,现代人群头面部表面积在全球范围内有纬度性变化,也与当地温度有密切联系:头盖部的面积与纬度呈明显正相关,与温度呈明显负相关;颧骨面积和头颧指数(颧骨面积/头盖部面积)与温度呈明显负相关,与纬度没有显著的相关性.随着纬度的升高,头盖部面积明显增大;随着年均温度的升高,头盖部和颧骨的面积及头颧指数有显著减小的趋势.本文研究有助于区分同源特征与同功特征的问题,对人类体质适应性的研究具有启发作用.

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