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弓颌猪(偶蹄目、猪科)的觅食行为:头骨和下颌骨形态功能分析的研究实例

, PP. 1218-1228

Keywords: 猪科,晚中新世,临夏盆地,形态功能分析,觅食行为

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Abstract:

?将一种晚中新世小型猪科动物弓颌猪的头骨及下颌特征与现生猪科及西猯科材料进行对比,并对其进行形态功能分析.尽管相对窄的枕部以及相对短的头骨制约了头骨的摆动幅度,但发育吻骨和相对较强的吻部肌肉仍然使得弓颌猪具有很可观的拱掘能力.显著宽的前颧弓板以及强壮的犬齿弧形围龛在拱掘时对头骨及犬齿起保护作用.强烈会聚的顶嵴和强壮的面嵴表明弓颌猪发育强壮的咀嚼肌,这使得其可以迅速闭合口部,并使得下颌纵向及侧向的运动能力都很强.弓颌猪的头-颌关节形态及其相对较高的位置表明在咀嚼时既有压碎作用又有研磨作用.弓颌猪的颊齿冠面特征简单,表明其食物可能较现生猪科的食物柔软.推测弓颌猪的饮食结构可能介于森林型和开阔环境的现生猪科动物之间,生境可能为相对潮湿的森林边缘或靠近开阔的温带草原环境.

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