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一个改进的诊断层积云方案及其对大气环流模式性能的改进

, PP. 1034-1048

Keywords: 层积云,稳定度,大气环流模式

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Abstract:

?在气候模式中,传统的层积云参数化方案(简称LTS方案)高估了自由大气湿绝热过程所引起的垂直温度梯度的作用.在Wood和Bretherton提出的“估算逆温”(EIS)基础上,本文基于卫星资料构建了一个改良的诊断层积云方案,旨在改进当前广为使用的LTS方案.通过将EIS层积云方案引入大气环流模式GAMIL2.0中,并与传统方案进行对比试验发现,EIS层积云方案能有效地改善GAMIL2.0对东亚-西北太平洋季风区乃至全球云-辐射气候特征的模拟能力,一定程度地纠正了模式原来存在的中高纬度净(短波)云辐射强迫模拟偏弱的现象,而该偏差在当前许多模式中普遍存在.此改进与EIS层积云方案合理处理自由大气的温度层结有关.EIS层积云方案亦显著改进了GAMIL2.0对东亚-西北太平洋季风区云辐射年际变率的模拟能力.加入EIS层积云方案后,模式较好地模拟出了ENSO年冬春季东亚边缘海域的净云辐射正异常、海表入射短波正异常和层云量负异常.究其原因是EIS层积云方案比传统方案对海表温度异常的扰动更敏感.海表温度异常通过EIS层积云方案在对流层低层强迫出更强的云量距平,并通过改变加热率和垂直速度影响整个对流层,最终改进模式对云辐射强迫和地表入射短波通量年际变率的模拟.EIS层积云方案还增强了模式对ElNi?o年冬春季节西北太平洋异常反气旋以及东亚降水异常的模拟效果.

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