Allwine K J, Flaherty J E. 2006. Joint Urban 2003: Study Overview and Instrument Locations. Richland: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
[7]
Barlage M, Chen F, Tewari M, et al. 2010. Noah land surface model modifications to improve snowpack prediction in the Colorado Rocky Mountains. J Geophys Res, 115: D22101
[8]
Chen F, Mitchell K. 1999. Using GEWEX/ISLSCP forcing data to simulate global soil moisture fields and hydrological cycle for 1987-1988. J Meteorol Soc Jpn, 77: 167-182
[9]
Chen F, Bornstein R, Grimmond S, et al. 2012. Research priorities in observing and modeling urban weather and climate. Bull Amer Meteorol Soc, 93: 1725-1728
[10]
Chen F, Dudhia J. 2001. Coupling an advanced land surface-hydrology model with the Penn State-NCAR MM5 modeling system. Part I: Model implementation and sensitivity. Mon Weather Rev, 129: 569-585
[11]
Chen F, Yates D N, Nagai H, et al. 2003. Land surface heterogeneity in the Cooperative Atmosphere Surface Exchange Study (CASES-97). Part I: Comparing modeled surface flux maps with surface-flux tower and aircraft measurements. J Hydrometeorol, 4: 196-218
[12]
Chen F. 2005. Variability in global land surface energy budgets during 1987-1988 simulated by an off-line land surface model. Clim Dyn, 24: 667-684
[13]
Chen F, Kusaka H, Bornstein R, et al. 2011a. The integrated WRF/urban modelling system: Development, evaluation, and applications to urban environmental problems. Int J Climatol, 31: 273-288
[14]
Chen F, Miao S, Tewari M, et al. 2011b. A numerical study of interactions between surface forcing and sea breeze circulations and their effects on stagnation in the Greater Houston area. J Geophys Res. 116(D12): D12105
[15]
Grimmond C S B, Blackett M, Best M J, et al. 2010. The international urban energy balance models comparison project: First results from phase 1. J Appl Meteorol Climatol, 49: 1268-1292
[16]
Grimmond C S B, Blackett M, Best M J, et al. 2011. Initial results from phase 2 of the international urban energy balance model comparison. Int J Climatol, 31: 244-272
[17]
Hagishima A, Narita K, Tanimoto J. 2007. Field experiment on transpiration from isolated urban plants. Hydrol Process, 21: 1217-1222
[18]
Kawai T, Kanda M. 2010. Urban energy balance obtained from the comprehensive outdoor scale model experiment. part I: Basic features of the surface energy balance. J Appl Meteorol Climatol, 49: 1341-1359
[19]
Kotthaus S, Grimmond C S B. 2012. Identification of micro-scale anthropogenic CO2, heat and moisture sources-processing eddy covariance fluxes for a dense urban environment. Atmos Environ, 57: 301-316
[20]
Kusaka H, Kondo H, Kikegawa Y, et al. 2001. A simple single-layer urban canopy model for atmospheric models: Comparison with multi-layer and slab models. Bound-Layer Meteor, 101: 329-358
[21]
Welty C. 2009. The urban water budget. In: Baker L A, ed. The Water Environment of Cities. New York: Springer. 17-28
[22]
Willmott C J. 1982. Some comments on the evaluation of model performance. Bull Amer Meteorol Soc, 63: 1309-1313
[23]
Lee S. 2011. Further development of the vegetated urban canopy model including a grass-covered surface parametrization and photosynthesis effects. Bound-Layer Meteor, 140: 315-342
[24]
Lemone M A, Tewari M, Chen F, et al. 2008. Evaluation of the Noah land surface model using data from a fair-weather IHOP_2002 day with heterogeneous surface fluxes. Mon Weather Rev, 136: 4915-4941
[25]
Loridan T, Grimmond C S B, Grossman-Clarke S, et al. 2010. Trade-offs and responsiveness of the single-layer urban canopy parametrization in wrf: An offline evaluation using the MOSCEM optimization algorithm and field observations. Q J R Meteorol Soc, 136: 997-1019
[26]
Mestayer P G, Durand P, Augustin P, et al. 2005. The urban boundary-layer field campaign in Marseille (UBL/Clu-Escompte): Set-up and first results. Bound-Layer Meteor, 114: 315-365
[27]
Miao S, Chen F, Lemone M A, et al. 2009. An observational and modeling study of characteristics of urban heat island and boundary layer structures in Beijing. J Appl Meteorol Climatol, 48: 484-501
[28]
Miao S, Chen F, Li Q, et al. 2011. Impacts of urban processes and urbanization on summer precipitation: A case study of heavy rainfall in Beijing on 1 August 2006. J Appl Meteorol Climatol, 50: 806-825
[29]
Miao S, Chen F. 2008. Formation of horizontal convective rolls in urban areas. Atmos Res, 89: 298-304
[30]
Moriwaki R, Kanda M, Senoo H, et al. 2008. Anthropogenic water vapor emissions in Tokyo. Water Resour Res, 44: W11424
Ryu Y, Baik J, Lee S. 2011. A new single-layer urban canopy model for use in mesoscale atmospheric models. J Appl Meteorol Climatol, 50: 1773-1794
[33]
Schlünzen K H, Katzfey J J. 2003. Relevance of sub-grid-scale land-use effects for mesoscale models. Tellus Ser A-Dyn Meteorol Oceanol, 55: 232-246
[34]
Sridhar V, Elliott R L, Chen F, et al. 2002. Validation of the NOAH-OSU land surface model using surface flux measurements in Oklahoma. J Geophys Res, 107: 4418
[35]
Thatcher M, Hurley P. 2012. Simulating Australian urban climate in a mesoscale atmospheric numerical model. Bound-Layer Meteor, 142: 149-175
