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南海共轭大陆边缘的构造对比及差异伸展模式

, PP. 1059-1070

Keywords: 南海,共轭陆缘,拆离断层差异伸展

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Abstract:

?南海陆缘的伸展模式虽被广泛研究,但目前为止仍存在争议.本文基于最新的高质量多道地震数据、水深数据及其他地球物理资料,开展南海共轭陆缘构造不对称性的对比研究,并在此基础上探讨南海陆缘的伸展模式.揭示了南海陆缘在地形地貌、基底构造和陆缘断裂发育等方面具有空间差异性.在南北方向,北部陆缘基底呈现向海方向的阶梯状下降,而南部陆缘主要发育宽阔的掀斜断块基底,深度变化不大.两侧的断裂发育也具有不同的特点,在南部陆缘识别出大型拆离断层体系;在东西方向,南海东部和西南次海盆的陆缘分别发育了不同的构造单元.提出一种差异伸展模式解释南海陆缘空间差异的成因,认为拆离断层在南海新生代演化过程中发挥了重要的作用.以拆离断层为界,古华南陆缘上地壳主要发生单剪变形,而下地壳和上地幔则以塑性纯剪变形为主,上下两部分的形变区域在横向上具有不同的偏移距离,使得位于下板块的南部陆缘发育了不同的构造单元.南海东部较大的偏移距离导致边缘高原(礼乐滩)的发育,而西部较小的偏移距离则形成外部隆起(郑和隆起).现今南海的演化过程可能受到古南海关闭不同时性的影响.

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