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西南极企鹅栖息地粪土层生物标志物记录和实测群落结构变化与ENSO的响应

, PP. 232-242

Keywords: 南极,企鹅粪土层,210Pb,生物标志物,企鹅种群,气候变化

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Abstract:

?采用210Pb进行年代测定,建立了西南极阿德雷岛AD2企鹅粪土地层的类脂生物标志物时间序列,应用粪土层记录的环境冷暖指标脂肪酸分子nC18:2/nC18:0比值变化,反映1931~2006年以来西南极地区几次短期气候冷暖变化事件,它们在年代和形式上与ENSO事件相互对应,且低值出现在2~3和6~7cm处的2个ENSO年结束年(1958和1983年),反映了记录在南极沉积地层中的ENSO信号可能有一个时间滞后效应.研究结果还显示,AD2粪土层正构烷烃主峰碳(MH)C23的相对丰度、C23/C17、轻组分与重组分比值(∑C21-/∑C22+)、碳优势指数CPI等的变化不仅反映了土壤菌藻微生物与低等植被的相对变化,而且也与气候变化具有密不可分的联系.细菌脂肪酸很好地记录了近75年来该地区经历了两次明显的细菌变化,细菌脂肪酸iC15:0/aC15:0比值敏锐地反映了这一地区在这两个时期微生物作用明显增大,且均发生在ENSO结束年,同时段的脂肪酸组分CPIA值降低,∑C21-/∑C22+增高,表明微生物为粪土层贡献低碳数的脂肪酸分子,与Pr/Ph没有太大相关性,这种变化反映了微生物及细菌在南极这个相对简单的生态系统中扮演了重要角色,无疑微生物的活动与气候冷暖条件密切关联.另外结合企鹅群落实测研究表明,鸟类数量变化在一定程度上是可以反映全球气候变化对群落生态系统的影响.

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