全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...

德雷克海峡的打开对海洋环流的影响——基于一个箱式模型的研究

, PP. 181-191

Keywords: 德雷克海峡,北大西洋深层水,南极底层水,箱式模型,风应力,锋面

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

?本文研究了德雷克海峡的打开对海洋环流的影响.德雷克海峡未打开时,南半球中高纬度之间风应力旋度产生的流涡促进了中高纬度之间的热量交换;德雷克海峡打开后,南极绕极流(ACC)形成,绕极流区的强锋面阻隔了南半球低纬度向高纬度的热量传输.基于以上认识,本文利用一个箱式模型分析了德雷克海峡闭合时的风应力和打开时的海洋温度锋面分别对南极底层水(AABW)和北大西洋深层水(NADW)形成的影响.实验发现:(1)德雷克海峡闭合时,风应力产生的流涡强度增大,可导致AABW形成减少、NADW形成增多;南半球高纬度增温,整个大洋底层水的温度也同时升高.(2)德雷克海峡打开时,只有温度梯度达到一定强度才会有AABW形成,并导致南半球高纬度地区和大洋大部分底层水变冷;而当锋面强度小于临界值(本模式中为4.03℃)时,没有AABW形成,海盆中大部分区域的海温都偏高.模式实验结果表明,德雷克海峡打开的过程中,风应力的改变与海洋温度锋面的形成影响了AABW和NADW的形成,从而改变了大洋经向翻转环流的状态.

References

[1]  1 Nong G T, Najjar R G, Seidov D, et al. Simulation of ocean temperature change due to the opening of Drake Passage. Geophys Res Lett, 2000, 27: 2689-2692??
[2]  3 Kennett J P. Cenozoic evolution of Antarctic glaciation, the circum-Antarctic Ocean, and their impact on global paleoceanography. J Geophys Res, 1977, 82: 3843-3860??
[3]  4 Berger W H. Paleoceanography: The deep-sea record. The Sea. In: Emiliani C, ed. New York: Wiley-Interscience, 1981. 1437-1519
[4]  5 Zachos J, Pagani M, Sloan L, et al. Trends, rhythms, and aberrations in global climate 65 Ma to present. Science, 2001, 292: 686-693
[5]  6 Gill A E, Bryan K. Effects of geometry on the circulation of a three dimensional Southern-Hemisphere ocean model. Deep-Sea Res, 1971, 18: 685-721
[6]  7 Cox M D. An idealized model of the world ocean. Part I: The global-scale water masses. J Phys Oceanogr, 1989, 19: 1730-1752??
[7]  8 England M H. On the formation of antarctic intermediate and bottom water in ocean general circulation models. J Phys Oceanogr, 1992, 22: 918-926??
[8]  9 Toggweiler J R, Bjornsson H. Drake Passage and palaeoclimate. J Quat Sci, 2000, 15: 319-328??
[9]  2 Scher H D, Martin E E. Timing and climatic consequences of the opening of Drake Passage. Science, 2006, 312: 428-430??
[10]  10 Sijp W P, England M H. Effect of the Drake Passage throughflow on global climate. J Phys Oceanogr, 2004, 34: 1254-1266??
[11]  11 Stommel H M. Thermohaline convection with two stable regimes of flow. Tellus B, 1961, 13: 224-230??
[12]  12 Huang R X, Luyten J R, Stommel H M. Multiple equilibrium states in combined thermal and saline circulation. J Phys Oceanogr, 1992, 22: 231-246??
[13]  13 Lohmann G, Gerdes R, Chen D. Stability of the thermohaline circulation in a simple coupled model. Tellus A, 1996, 48: 465-476??
[14]  14 Stastna M, Peltier W R. On box models of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation: Intrinsic and extrinsic millennial timescale variability in response to deterministic and stochastic forcing. J Geophys Res, 2007, 112: C10023??
[15]  15 Marotzke J, Welander P, Willebrand J. Instability and multiple steady states in a meridional-plane model of the thermohaline circulation. Tellus A, 1988, 40: 162-172
[16]  16 Gordon A L. An Antarctic oceanographic section along 170°E. Deep-Sea Res, 1975, 22: 357-377
[17]  17 Oliver K I, Watson A J, Stevens D P. Can limited ocean mixing buffer rapid climate change? Tellus A, 2005, 57: 676-690
[18]  18 Haney R L. Surface thermal boundary conditions for ocean circulation models. J Phys Oceanogr, 1971, 1: 241-248??
[19]  19 Nunes F, Norris R D. Abrupt reversal in ocean overturning during the Palaeocene/Eocene warm period. Nature, 2006, 439: 60-63??
[20]  20 张仲石, 王会军, 郭正堂. 温盐环流反转及其对新生代气候的影响. 第四纪研究, 2009, 29: 1064-1070
[21]  21 Kuhlbrodt T, Griesel A, Montoya M, et al. On the driving processes of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. Rev Geophys, 2007, 45: RG2001, doi: 10.1029/2004RG000166
[22]  22 Guan Y P, Huang R X. Stommel’s box model of thermohaline circulation revisited--The role of mechanical energy supporting mixing and the wind-driven gyration. J Phys Oceanogr, 2008, 38: 909-917??
[23]  23 Greatbatch R J, Lu J. Reconciling the stommel box model with the stommel-arons model: A possible role for southern hemisphere wind forcing? J Phys Oceanogr , 2003, 33: 1618-1632
[24]  24 Toggweiler J R, Samuels B. Is the magnitude of the deep outflow from the Atlantic Ocean actually governed by southern hemisphere winds? In: Heimann M, ed. The Global Carbon Cycle. Berlin: Springer Press, 1993. 303-331
[25]  25 Toggweiler J R, Samuels B. Effect of Drake Passage on the global thermohaline circulation. Deep-Sea Res, 1995, 42: 477-500??
[26]  26 Nof D. Does the wind control the import and export of the South Atlantic? J Phys Oceanogr, 2000, 30: 2650-2667
[27]  27 Olbers D, Borowski D, V?lker C, et al. The dynamical balance, transport and circulation of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Antarctic Sci, 2004, 16: 439-470??
[28]  28 Sijp W P, England M H. Role of the Drake Passage in controlling the stability of the ocean’s thermohaline circulation. J Clim, 2005, 18: 1957-1966??
[29]  29 Broecker W S. The great ocean conveyor. Oceanography, 1991, 4: 79-89??
[30]  30 Bjornsson H, Toggweiler J R. The climatic influence of Drake Passage. In: Seidov D, Haupt B J, Maslin M, eds. The Oceans and Rapid Climate Change: Past, Present and Future. Geophys Monogr Ser, 2001, 126: 243-259??

Full-Text

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133