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北斗区域卫星导航系统基本导航定位性能初步评估

DOI: 10.1007/s11430-013-4769-0, PP. 72-81

Keywords: 北斗卫星导航系统,服务区域,位置精度衰减因子,伪距和载波相位测量精度,单点定位,伪距差分定位,模糊度解算,载波相位差分定位

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Abstract:

?北斗区域卫星导航系统(也称北斗2代1期)于2012年12月27日正式开始运行,系统由14颗卫星组成,包括5颗地球静止轨道卫星、5颗倾斜地球同步轨道卫星和4颗中圆地球轨道卫星.本文初步评估了北斗区域卫星导航系统建成运行后的基本导航定位性能,包括卫星可见性、位置精度衰减因子、伪距和载波相位观测量精度、单点定位和差分定位精度以及模糊度解算性能等.通过实验分析可知:北斗伪距和载波相位测量精度已与GPS处在同一水平,伪距测量精度约为33cm,载波测量精度约为2mm;北斗伪距单点定位水平精度优于6m,高程精度优于10m,已满足设计要求;北斗区域卫星导航系统已具备独立的双频RTK定位能力,其单历元双频模糊度解算成功率几乎与GPS相当;北斗载波相位差分定位精度与GPS相位差分定位处在同一水平,超短基线情况下,定位精度优于1cm,而在短基线情况下优于3cm;北斗与GPS组合定位时,模糊度解算的固定率和可靠性均显著提高;在短基线情况下,北斗/GPS组合载波相位差分动态定位精度相对于单一的GPS定位的改善可达20%以上;北斗单频伪距差分定位精度优于2.5m,与GPS相比仍存在较大差距,其主要原因可能为北斗GEO卫星伪距多路径误差较大.

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