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2013年元月我国中东部地区强霾污染成因分析

DOI: 10.1007/s11430-013-4773-4, PP. 15-26

Keywords: 强霾过程,气象,复合污染,协同转化,京津冀

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Abstract:

?2013年元月,罕见强霾污染席卷我国中东部地区,引起社会各界高度关注.中国科学院“大气灰霾追因与控制”专项组,利用其建立的“中国气溶胶观测研究网”(CARE-China)对整个强霾污染过程进行了全程追踪观测,并对其成因进行了分析研究.本次强霾污染涉及我国整个中东部地区,污染最严重的京津冀地区共计发生5次强霾污染过程,其中两次超强过程发生在9~15日和25~31日,北京PM2.5小时浓度最高值分别达到680和530μgm-3,石家庄和天津等重要城市强霾污染状况与北京相似.天气系统弱、强冷空气活动少和极其不利于污染物扩散的局地气象条件及地理位置,是造成本次强霾污染形成的外部条件;一次排放的气态污染物向颗粒态的快速转化,是本次强霾污染“爆发性”和“持续性”的内部促发因子,特别是大气中燃油排放为主的大量NOx促发了燃煤排放气态SO2向颗粒态硫酸盐的快速转化.通过NOx/SO2协同转化途径分析,发现气态污染物在细颗粒表面的非均相反应可改变大气颗粒物的粒径及化学组分,促使颗粒物中的二次无机盐(如硫酸盐和硝酸盐等)的比例逐渐增大,导致颗粒物吸湿性显著增强,从而对强霾污染形成起到了促进作用.

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