全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...

冻结强度和冻结时间对高寒区温带森林土壤微生物量、可浸提的碳和氮含量及N2O和CO2排放量的影响

DOI: 10.1007/s11430-015-5115-5, PP. 1698-1712

Keywords: 二氧化碳排放,可浸提的碳和氮,冻融,微生物量,氧化亚氮排放,氮素矿化

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

?冻结能够增加土壤二氧化碳和氧化亚氮排放以及活性碳和氮的释放.然而,目前很少报道土壤冻结处理后两种温室气体排放变化的差异以及与土壤属性的关联性.论文研究了土壤冻结强度和冻结时间对中国东北成熟阔叶红松混交林和临近的次生白桦林土壤二氧化碳(CO2)和氧化亚氮(N2O)、氮素净矿化量、微生物量和可浸提的碳和氮含量的影响.两种林地土壤具有不同的微生物量和容重.取上述两种温带林地0~5和5~10cm原状土柱,分别进行-8,-18和-80℃冻结处理10和145d,然后各自在10℃下融化培养21d.未进行冻结前处理的原状土柱样品,10℃培养21d为对照.融化后土壤N2O和CO2排放量随林分类型、土壤深度和冷冻处理而发生变化,该差异归因于冻结后所致的土壤充水孔隙度(WFPS)和物质有效性变化.土壤湿度大约为80%WFPS时,融化期森林土壤N2O排放量最大,而森林土壤CO2排放量却随土壤湿度增加而显著地增加.冻结处理后,土壤溶解性有机碳含量和CO2排放量均随冻结时间延长而增加,这与土壤微生物碳含量降低相一致;冻结温度显著影响森林土壤氮素净矿化量和净氨化量以及氧化亚氮排放量.土壤N2O排放量与土壤pH和容重呈显著的负相关关系,却与土壤K2SO4浸提的硝态氮含量和氮素净氨化量呈显著的正相关关系.土壤CO2排放量与土壤氮素净矿化量和净氨化量呈显著的正相关关系.因此,基于较宽范围的冻结温度和冻结时间的观测结果,融化后土壤N2O和CO2排放量主要依赖于冻结处理后氮素净矿化量、释放的物质有效性以及有关通气性的土壤属性变化.

References

[1]  吴浩浩, 徐星凯, 段存涛, 等. 2015. 植被类型、湿度和氮素供给对外源碳刺激森林土壤异养呼吸和微生物碳量的影响. 中国科学:地球科学, 45:820-830
[2]  于君宝, 刘景双, 孙志高, 等. 2009. 中国东北淡水沼泽湿地N2O和CH4排放通量及主导因子. 中国科学:地球科学, 39:177-187
[3]  Brooks P D, McKnight D, Elder K. 2005. Carbon limitation of soil respiration under winter snowpacks:Potential feedbacks between growing season and winter carbon fluxes. Global Change Biol, 11:231-238
[4]  Christensen S, Christensen B T. 1991. Organic matter available for denitrification in different soil fractions:Effect of freeze/thaw cycles and straw disposal. J Soil Sci, 42:637-647
[5]  Christensen S, Tiedje J M. 1990. Brief and vigorous N2O Production by soil at spring thaw. J Soil Sci, 41:1-4
[6]  Clark K, Chantigny M H, Angers D A, et al. 2009. Nitrogen transformations in cold and frozen agricultural soils following organic amendments. Soil Biol Biochem, 41:348-356
[7]  Coxson D S, Parkinson D. 1987. Winter respiratory activity in aspen woodland forest floor litter and soils. Soil Biol Biochem, 19:49-59
[8]  Cytryn E, Levkovitch K, Negreanu Y, et al. 2012. Impact of short-term acidification on nitrification and nitrifying bacterial community dynamics in soilless cultivation media. Appl Envrion Microbiol, 78:6576-6582
[9]  DeLuca T H, Keeney D R, McCarty G W. 1992. Effects of freeze-thaw events on mineralization of soil-nitrogen. Biol Fertil Soils, 14:116-120
[10]  D?rsch P, Paloj?rvi A, Mommertz S. 2004. Overwinter greenhouse gas fluxes in two contrasting agricultural habitats. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst, 70:117-133
[11]  Drotz S H, Sparrman T, Schleucher J, et al. 2010. Effects of soil organic matter composition on unfrozen water content and heterotrophic CO2 production of frozen soils. Geochim Cosmochim Acta, 74:2281-2290
[12]  Edwards A C, Cresser M C. 1992. Freezing and its effects on chemical and biological properties of soil. Adv Soil Sci, 18:59-79
[13]  Edwards A C, Killham K. 1986. The effect of freeze/thaw on gaseous nitrogen loss from upland soils. Soil Use Manage, 2:86-91
[14]  Feng X, Nielsen L L, Simpson J. 2007. Responses of soil organic matter and microorganisms to freeze-thaw cycles. Soil Biol Biochem, 39:2027-2037
[15]  Focht D D, Verstraete W. 1977. Biochemical ecology of nitrification and denitrification. In:Alexander M, ed. Advance in Microbiological Ecology. New York:Plenum Press. 135-214
[16]  Franzluebbers A J. 1999. Microbial activity in response to water-filled pore space of variably eroded southern Piedmont soils. Appl Soil Ecol, 11:91-101
[17]  Freppaz M, Williams B L, Edwards A C, et al. 2007. Simulating soil freeze/thaw cycles typical of winter alpine conditions:Implications for N and P availability. Appl Soil Ecol, 35:247-255
[18]  Goldberg S D, Muhr J, Borken W, et al. 2008. Fluxes of climate-relevant trace gases between a Norway spruce forest soil and atmosphere during repeated freeze/thaw cycles in mesocosms. J Plant Nutri Soil Sci, 171:729-739
[19]  Goldberg S D, Borken W, Gebauer G. 2010. N2O emission in a Norway spruce forest due to soil frost:Concentration and isotope profiles shed a new light on an old story. Biogeochemistry, 97:21-30
[20]  Goodroad L, Keeney D R. 1984. Nitrous oxide emissions from soils during thawing. Can J Soil Sci, 64:187-194
[21]  Goulden M L, Wofsy S C, Harden J W, et al. 1998. Sensitivity of boreal forest carbon balance to soil thaw. Science, 279:214-217
[22]  Groffman P M, Hardy J P, Driscoll C T, et al. 2006. Snow depth, soil freezing, and fluxes of carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane in a northern hardwood forest. Global Change Biol, 12:1748-1760
[23]  Grogan P, Michelsen A, Ambus P, et al. 2004. Freeze-thaw regime effects on carbon and nitrogen dynamics in sub-arctic heath tundra mesocosms. Soil Biol Biochem, 36:641-654
[24]  Harris D, Voroney R P, Paul E A. 1997. Measurement of microbial biomass N:C by chloroform fumigation-incubation. Can J Soil Sci, 77:507-514
[25]  Hirota T, Iwata Y, Hayashi M, et al. 2006. Decreasing soil-frost depth and its relation to climate change in Tokachi, Hokkaido, Japan. J Meteorol Soc Japan, 84:821-833
[26]  Henry H A L. 2007. Soil freeze-thaw cycle experiments:Trends, methodological weaknesses and suggested improvements. Soil Biol Biochem, 39:977-986
[27]  Teepe R, Ludwig B. 2004. Variability of CO2 and N2O emissions during freeze-thaw cycles:Results of model experiments on undisturbed forest-soil cores. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci, 167:153-159
[28]  Teepe R, Vor R A, Beese F, et al. 2004. Emissions of N2O from soils during cycles of freezing and thawing and the effects of soil water, texture and duration of freezing. Eur J Soil Sci, 55:357-365
[29]  Tenuta M, Sparling B. 2011. A laboratory study of soil conditions affecting emissions of nitrous oxide from packed cores subjected to freezing and thawing. Can J Soil Sci, 91:223-233
[30]  Tierney G L, Fahey T J, Groffman P M, et al. 2001. Soil freezing alters fine root dynamics in a northern hardwood forest. Biogeochemistry, 56:175-190
[31]  van Bochove E, Prevost D, Pelletier F. 2000. Effects of freeze-thaw and soil structure on nitrous oxide produced in a clay soil. Soil Sci Soc Am J, 64:1638-1643
[32]  Wagner-Riddle C, Thurtell G W. 1998. Nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural fields during winter and spring thaw as affected by management practices. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst, 52:151-163
[33]  Wallander H, Nilsson L O, Hagerberg D, et al. 2003. Direct estimates of C:N ratios of ectomycorrhizal mycelia collected from Norway spruce forest soils. Soil Biol Biochem, 35:997-999
[34]  Wendler G, Shulshi M. 2009. A century of climate change for Fairbanks, Alaska. Arctic, 62:295-300
[35]  Wertz S, Goyer C, Zebarth B J, et al. 2013. Effects of temperatures near the freezing point on N2O emissions, denitrification and on the abundance and structure of nitrifying and denitrifying soil communities. FEMS Microbiol Ecol, 83:242-254
[36]  Wick A F, Phillips R L, Liebig M A, et al. 2012. Linkages between soil micro-site properties and CO2 and N2O emissions during a simulated thaw for a northern prairie Mollisol. Soil Biol Biochem, 50:118-125
[37]  Wu J, Joergensen R G, Pommerening B, et al. 1990. Measurement of soil microbial biomass C:An automated procedure. Soil Biol Biochem, 22:1167-1169
[38]  Xu X K, Han L, Wang Y S, et al. 2007. Influence of vegetation types and soil properties on microbial biomass carbon and metabolic quotients in temperate volcanic and tropical forest soils. Soil Sci Plant Nutr, 53:430-440
[39]  Xu X K, Luo X B. 2012. Effect of wetting intensity on soil GHG fluxes and microbial biomass under a temperate forest floor during dry season. Geoderma, 170:118-126
[40]  Yanai Y, Toyota K, Okazaki M. 2004a. Effects of successive soil freeze-thaw cycles on nitrification potential of soils. Soil Sci Plant Nutr, 50:831-837
[41]  Yanai Y, Toyota K, Okazaki M. 2004b. Effects of successive soil freeze-thaw cycles on soil microbial biomass and organic matter decomposition potential of soils. Soil Sci Plant Nutr, 50:821-829
[42]  Zhou W M, Chen H, Zhou L, et al. 2011. Effect of freezing-thawing on nitrogen mineralization in vegetation soils of four landscape zones of Changbai Mountain. Ann Forest Sci, 68:943-951
[43]  Henry H A L. 2008. Climate change and soil freezing dynamics:Historical trends and projected changes. Clim Change, 87:421-434
[44]  Hentschel K, Borken W, Matzner E. 2008. Leaching losses of nitrogen and dissolved organic matter following repeated frost/thaw events in a forest soil. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci, 171:699-706
[45]  Hentschel K, Borken W, Zuber T, et al. 2009. Effects of soil frost on nitrogen net mineralization, soil solution chemistry and seepage losses in a temperate forest soil. Glob Change Biol, 15:825-836
[46]  Herrmann A, Witter E. 2002. Sources of C and N contributing to the flush in mineralization upon freeze-thaw cycles in soils. Soil Biol Biochem, 34:1495-1505
[47]  Jenkinson D S. 1988. The determination of microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in soil. In:Wilson J R, ed. Advances in Nitrogen Cycling in Agricultural Ecosystems. Wallingford:CAB International. 368-386
[48]  Kim D G, Vargas R, Bond-Lamberty B, et al. 2012. Effects of soil rewetting and thawing on soil gas fluxes:A review of current literature and suggestions for future research. Biogeoscience, 9:2459-2483
[49]  Kim H T. 1995. Soil sampling, Preparation and Analysis. New York:Marcel Dekker
[50]  Koponen H T, Martikainen P J. 2004. Soil water content and freezing temperature affect freeze-thaw related N2O production in organic soil. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst, 69:213-219
[51]  Kreyling J, Henry H A L. 2011. Vanishing winters in Germany:Soil frost dynamics and snow cover trends, and ecological implications. Clim Res, 46:269-276
[52]  Kurganova I N, Tipe P. 2003. The effect of freezing-thawing processes on soil respiration activity. Eurasian Soil Sci, 36:976-985
[53]  Larsen K S, Jonasson S, Michelsen A. 2002. Repeated freeze/thaw cycles and their effects on biological processes in two arctic ecosystem types. Appl Soil Ecol, 21:187-195
[54]  Leininger S, Urich T, Schloter M, et al. 2006. Archaea predominate among ammonia-oxidizing prokaryotes in soils. Nature, 442:806-809
[55]  Lipson D A, Monson R K. 1998. Plant-microbe competition for soil amino acids in the alpine tundra:Effects of freeze-thaw and dry-rewet events. Oecologia, 113:406-414
[56]  Lipson D A, Schadt C W, Schmidt S K. 2002. Changes in soil microbial community structure and function in an alpine dry meadow following spring snow melt. Microbial Ecol, 43:307-314
[57]  Lipson D A, Schmidt S K, Monson R K. 2000. Carbon availability and temperature control the post-snowmelt decline in alpine soil microbial biomass. Soil Biol Biochem, 32:441-448
[58]  Matzner E, Borken W. 2008. Do freeze-thaw events enhance C and N losses from soils of different ecosystems? A review. Eur J Soil Sci, 59:274-284
[59]  Mikan C J, Schimel J P, Doyle A P. 2002. Temperature controls of microbial respiration in artic tundra soils above and below freezing. Soil Biol Biochem, 34:1785-1795
[60]  Morkved P T, D?rsch P, Henriksen T M, et al. 2006. N2O emissions and product ratios of nitrification and denitrification as affected by freezing and thawing. Soil Biol Biochem, 38:3411-3420
[61]  Muhr J, Borken W, Matzner E. 2009. Effects of soil frost on soil respiration and its radiocarbon signature in a Norway spruce forest soil. Global Change Biol, 15:782-793
[62]  Neilsen C B, Groffman P M, Hamburg S P, et al. 2001. Freezing effects on carbon and nitrogen cycling in northern hardwood forest soils. Soil Sci Soc Am J, 65:1723-1730
[63]  ?quist M G, Petrone K, Nilsson M, et al. 2007. Nitrification controls N2O production rates in a frozen boreal forest soil. Soil Biol Biochem, 39:1809-1811
[64]  Panoff J M, Thammavongs B, Gueguen M, et al. 1998. Cold stress responses in mesophilic bacteria. Cryobiology, 36:75-83
[65]  Paul E A, Clark F E. 1996. Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry. San Diego:Academic Press. 109-115
[66]  R?ver M, Heinemeyer O, Kaiser E A. 1998. Microbial induced oxide emissions from an arable soil during winter. Soil Biol Biochem, 30:1859-1865
[67]  Ruser R, Flessa H, Schilling R, et al. 2001. Effect of crop-specific field management and N fertilization on N2O emissions from a fine-loamy soil. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst, 59:177-191
[68]  Sehy U, Dyckmans J, Ruser R, et al. 2004. Adding dissolved organic carbon to simulate freeze-thaw related N2O emissions from soil. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci, 167:471-478
[69]  Sharma S, Szele Z, Schilling R, et al. 2006. Influence of freeze-thaw stress on the structure and function of microbial communities and denitrifying populations in soil. Appl Environ Microbiol, 72:2148-2154
[70]  Shaver G R, Giblin A E, Nadelhoffer K J, et al. 2006. Carbon turnover in Alaskan tundra soils:Effects of organic matter quality, temperature, moisture and fertilizer. J Ecol, 94:740-753
[71]  Skogland T, Lomeland S, Goksoyr J. 1988. Respiratory burst after freezing and thawing of soil:Experiments with soil bacteria. Soil Biol Biochem, 20:851-856
[72]  Su M X, Kleineidam K, Schlotr M. 2010. Influence of different litter quality on the abundance of genes involved in nitrification and denitrification after freezing and thawing of an arable soil. Biol Fertil Soils, 46:537-541

Full-Text

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133