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粤东沿岸上升流对2006年夏季台风响应

, PP. 1530-1541

Keywords: 台风,近岸上升流,惯性振荡,埃克曼流,地转流

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Abstract:

?通过在粤东沿岸进行的大面走航CTD观测,特别是座底式的海床基测流资料,比较详细的探讨了台风过境对粤东沿岸上升流系统的影响.研究结果表明:南海夏季风驱动的东北向地转流在汕头附近存在显著的近海底向岸分量,与上层的离岸埃克曼平流共同构成了粤东近岸的典型上升流系统.进一步的分析表明粤东沿岸上升流系统对台风强度及其入侵路径比较敏感.当台风入侵路径位于上升流系统以北时(如0604号台风碧利斯和0605号台风凯米),在台风过境初期,局地西南风的异常增大使得向岸流显著增强,即上升流增强;在台风过境期及后期,无论是由于局地风场过强导致的海洋受迫响应(0604号台风碧利斯),还是中度台风诱发的惯性振荡(0605号台风凯米),都不利于维持一个稳定的、持续的上升流系统.当台风从上升流系统以南入侵时(如0606号台风派比安),有利于上升流产生的西南风被东北风取代,风驱向岸的埃克曼平流效应以及质量守恒使得海洋中、下层为离岸流,上层为向岸流,粤东沿岸传统的上升流结构遭到彻底颠覆;当台风过境后,典型的上升流结构会在1~2d内回复.

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