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中国黑河下游荒漠河岸林植物群落水分利用策略研究

, PP. 693-705

Keywords: 水势,土壤含水率,水分利用效率,水分利用策略,荒漠河岸林,黑河

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Abstract:

?以中国黑河下游额济纳荒漠河岸林为研究对象,结合对典型植物群落内地下水埋深、土壤含水率、植物水势、叶片相对含水率和水分利用效率的野外实地监测和调查,研究了群落土壤水分和植物生态对地下水埋深的响应,揭示了不同植物群落的水分利用策略.结果发现:(1)随着地下水埋深的增大,除了红砂外,植物黎明前和午间水势均无显著降低,说明在地下水埋深3m以内时,距河道4km范围内的植物群落未遭受或遭受较轻的水分胁迫.(2)0~3m内土层土壤含水率较大值所在位置与植物吸水根系分布深度相一致,说明在与过熟胡杨或柽柳共存的群落中,过熟胡杨或柽柳具有供给水分的作用,当与其共存的其他灌木或草本植物缺水时,过熟胡杨或柽柳可将体内多余的水分释放到该土层,供给这些浅根系植物生长所需;而红砂可借助其深根系特征,吸收利用深层土壤水分维持自身生存,苦豆子、花花柴、柽柳和过熟胡杨是恢复黑河下游受损生态环境的最佳植物种组合方式.(3)植物叶片相对含水率由高到低排序为:花花柴>苦豆子>幼龄胡杨>过熟胡杨>成熟胡杨=与其他物种共存的柽柳>单一红砂>单一柽柳.水分利用效率由高到低排序为:单一柽柳>单一红砂>与其他物种共生的柽柳>苦豆子=幼龄胡杨>成熟胡杨>过熟胡杨>花花柴.由此可知,当土壤水分较充足时,该区植物群落趋向于促进水分含量较小的柽柳、幼龄胡杨和红砂的快速生长,它们不具有储水以备水分亏缺时使用的功能,抗旱性较强;而减缓水分条件较好的苦豆子和花花柴的生长,它们具有储水功能,抗旱性较差.总体来看,黑河下游荒漠河岸林植物群落趋向于促进水分利用效率较高物种的生存.

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