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强迫和惯性不稳定对流发展在印度夏季风爆发过程中的作用

, PP. 783-796

Keywords: 强迫对流发展,印度夏季风爆发,纬向地转动量的纬向平流,南亚高压

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Abstract:

?利用NCEP/NCARR1再分析资料,分析了阿拉伯海上空对流层低层惯性不稳定现象对印度夏季风爆发过程的影响,揭示了纬向地转动量的纬向平流在惯性不稳定中的重要作用.研究表明,在印度夏季风爆发过程中,由于强烈的跨赤道气压梯度,对流层低层的绝对涡度零线(η=0)在阿拉伯海南部上空自赤道向北推进,从而在北半球近赤道区域形成负绝对涡度区,该区域表现出明显的自由惯性不稳定.在摩擦作用下,当气流自南向北通过这一区域时,在绝对涡度零线北侧出现低层辐合中心,有利于低纬度对流发展.然而这种经典的惯性不稳定对流只出现在近赤道地区,对印度季风爆发的直接影响不明显.另一方面在η=0线北侧海平面低压中心南部,尽管该区域大气处于惯性稳定状态,低空西风气流的发展造成明显的纬向地转动量的纬向平流.理论和诊断分析表明,该纬向地转动量平流与南北方向海陆热力差异沿着纬圈非均匀分布密切相关,它引起低空辐合中心出现在印度大陆西南海岸低空急流附近及其北侧,为印度夏季风爆发提供有利的低空环流条件.说明春末夏初阿拉伯海地区低层对流的发展除了受摩擦惯性不稳定影响外,更受到海陆热力差异纬向分布不均匀的强烈影响.此外,在印度夏季风爆发前,对流层高层的南亚高压东伸发展,将中纬度高位涡输送到阿拉伯海上空,形成局地“喇叭口”状流场,产生明显的高空抽吸作用,为夏季风的爆发推进提供了有利的高空背景条件.当其与南北海陆热力对比的纬向差异所强迫的低空辐合中心在印度大陆西南海岸附近垂直耦合引起大气斜压不稳定发展时,激发了印度夏季风爆发.

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