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中国地表水体多环芳烃含量分布特征及其生态风险评价

, PP. 680-691

Keywords: PAHs,生态风险评价,地表水体,中国

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Abstract:

?根据近10年来(2000~2010年)国内外文献报道,对中国7大流域地表水体15种PAHs的含量及其分布特征进行系统地分析和总结,并基于可利用的毒性数据,利用安全阈值法(MarginofSafety,MOS10)评价了8种单体PAHs对水生生物的生态风险和ΣPAH8混合物对水生生物的联合生态风险.结果表明,中国地表水体15种PAHs含量的变化范围为3.09~38139.00ng/L,几何均值为474.93ng/L,高于国外水体PAHs的含量水平;北方地区水体PAHs含量显著高于南方水体(p<0.05).单体PAHs生态风险评价结果表明,中国地表水体Ace,Ant,Flu,Bap,Flua,Nap,Phe和Pyr的MOS10分别为5.75,0.17,2.33,0.30,0.57,1.74,1.05和0.11;Nap,Ace,Phe和Flu的暴露浓度超过影响10%的水生生物的概率分别为6.06%,2.07%,9.51%和4.82%,说明Nap,Ace,Phe和Flu的生态风险较低;BaP,Ant,Flua和Pyr的暴露浓度超过影响10%的水生生物的概率分别为19.49%,25.46%,15.15%和30.50%,说明Bap,Ant,Flua和Pyr对水生生物具有潜在的生态风险;8种单体PAHs对水生生物的生态风险大小依次为Pyr>Ant>Bap>Flua>Phe>Nap>Flu>Ace.联合生态风险评价结果表明,ΣPAH8等效浓度超过影响10%的水生生物的概率为34.31%,大于任何单体PAHs对水生生物的生态风险.除海河流域,辽河流域、淮河流域、松花江流域、珠江流域、长江流域、黄河流域和淮河流域水体ΣPAH8的MOS10均小于1,具有潜在生态风险;七大流域ΣPAH8的生态风险从大到小依次为辽河流域(65.58%)>淮河流域(57.15%)>松花江流域(46.49%)>珠江流域(38.41%)>长江流域(25.98%)>黄河流域(15.92%)>海河流域水体(5.22%).

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