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基于TRMM卫星资料揭示的亚洲季风区夏季降水日变化

, PP. 564-576

Keywords: TRMM,亚洲季风区,夏季降水,日变化

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Abstract:

?利用1998~2008年间热带测雨卫星TRMM3B42降水率资料,从气候学角度揭示了亚洲季风区夏季降水日变化特征.基于降水量日变化振幅和位相的空间分布,分析了地形对日变化的影响以及位相传播规律.结果表明,降水日变化振幅和位相存在显著的地域性差异.亚洲大部分陆地及海岸带、印度尼西亚群岛及其附近洋面降水日变化显著,其相对振幅大都在40%以上.其中海岸带的陆面(如我国东南沿海地区、中南半岛沿岸)和孟加拉湾西北部的洋面上,降水最大值至少是日平均值的两倍.尽管热带陆面上降水日变化的基本特征是极大值一般出现午后至傍晚(15~18时),但印度半岛中南部和中南半岛中部地区的峰值位相却推迟到21~00时.在西太平洋和赤道印度洋上,降水的日变化较弱,其相对振幅低于40%,相应的峰值位相出现在午夜至早晨(00~06时).可是,在南海、孟加拉湾北部和阿拉伯海东部这三个洋面上,降水峰值却出现白天(09~15时).南亚和东亚一些地区的降水日变化,峰值位相还具有明显的经向传播.在印度中东部地区,同时存在自北(25°N附近)向南和自南(最南端陆面)向北的位相传播,二者均到达中部地区而结束.沿着我国东部和加里曼丹岛所在经度带,前者位相从海洋(南海北部)向内陆(华南)传播,而后者从陆地(加里曼丹岛屿)向外海传播,显示出海岸带型日变化规律.孟加拉湾海域降水日变化位相具有纬向传播特征,极大降水区于凌晨起源于印度半岛东岸的海陆交界处,其后向东传播,于18时到达孟加拉湾东岸,最后深入中南半岛.

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